who said: “Isrā'īl narrated to us, [from Abū al-'Anbas] (1), from al-Agharr, from Abū Hurayrah, that a man asked the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, about intimate contact while fasting, and he permitted it for him. Another man came and asked him, but he forbade him from doing so. The man whom he permitted was elderly, whereas the man whom he forbade was young.” Although al-Bukhārī, Muslim, and the other compilers of the Six Books relied on Isrā'īl’s narrations, the defect in this hadith is that its chain includes, between him and al-Agharr, Abū al-'Anbas al-'Adawī al-Kūfī, whose name was al-Hārith ibn 'Ubayd. They made no comment about him (2).

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His guidance included exempting anyone who ate or drank forgetfully from making up the fast, since it was Allah who had fed him and given him drink (3). Such eating and drinking are therefore not attributed to the person as acts that invalidate his fast: his fast is invalidated only by what he himself does. This is comparable to eating or drinking in one’s sleep, since neither a sleeping person nor a forgetful person is held accountable for such an act.

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It is authentically reported from him [that] the following invalidate a person’s fast (4): eating, drinking, cupping (5), and vomiting (6). The Quran indicates that sexual intercourse invalidates the fast just as eating and drinking do, and there is no known