Zād al-MaʿādIbn al-Qayyim

It was also his practice, when two witnesses testified to having sighted the crescent after the time for the Eid prayer had passed, to break his fast and instruct the people to do likewise, then perform the Eid prayer at its appointed time the following day (1).

He would hasten to break his fast and encourage others to do so (2). He would eat the pre-dawn meal and urge others to eat it (3), delaying it (4) and encouraging others to delay it (5).

He would encourage breaking the fast with dates, or with water if dates were unavailable. This reflected his utmost compassion for his community and concern for their welfare. Giving the body something sweet on an empty stomach makes it more receptive to it and allows its faculties to benefit from it, especially the faculty of sight, which is strengthened by it (6). Dates are the sweet food of Medina, and its people are brought up on them. They serve both as a staple food and as an accompaniment to bread, while fresh dates are eaten as fruit.

As for water, fasting causes a degree of dryness in the liver, so when it is moistened with water

(1) Narrated by Ahmad (18824, 23069) and Abū Dāwūd (2339) through Rib‘ī ibn Hirāsh, from one of the Prophet’s Companions (may Allah bless him and grant him peace). Al-Dāraqutnī (2202) graded it authentic. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhārī (1957) and Muslim (1098) from Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him). “Yahuddu ‘alayhi” (encourages others to do so) is absent from Q and K. (3) Narrated by al-Bukhārī (1923) and Muslim (1095) from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him). (4) Narrated by al-Bukhārī (1921) from Zayd ibn Thābit (may Allah be pleased with him). (5) Narrated by Ahmad (21312, 21507) from Abū Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him). Its chain of transmission includes Ibn Lahī‘a, who has been criticized, and Sulaymān ibn Abī ‘Uthmān, whom Abū Hātim described as “unknown (majhūl)” and al-Dāraqutnī as “abandoned (matrūk).” See Su’ālāt al-Barqānī (194), al-Jarh wa-l-Ta‘dīl (4/134), and al-Irwā’ (4/32). (6) S: “bihā” (by it).
وكان من هديه إذا شهد الشَّاهدان برؤية الهلال بعد خروج وقت العيد أن يفطر ويأمرهم بالفطر، ويُصلِّي العيد من الغد في وقتها (١). وكان يعجِّل الفطر ويحضُّ عليه (٢)، ويتسحَّر ويحثُّ على السُّحور (٣)، ويؤخِّره (٤) ويرغِّب في تأخيره (٥). وكان يحضُّ على الفطر على التمر، فإن لم يجد فعلى الماء، وهذا من كمال شفقته على أمَّته ونصحهم، فإنَّ إعطاء الطَّبيعة الشَّيءَ الحلوَ مع خلوِّ المعدة أدعى إلى قبوله وانتفاع القوى به، ولا سيَّما القوَّة الباصرة، فإنَّها تقوى به (٦)، وحلاوة المدينة التَّمر، ومَرباهم عليه، وهو عندهم قُوتٌ وأُدْمٌ، ورُطَبه فاكهةٌ. وأمَّا الماء فإنَّ الكبد يحصل لها بالصَّوم نوعُ يبسٍ، فإذا رُطِّبت بالماء
(١) رواه أحمد (١٨٨٢٤، ٢٣٠٦٩) وأبو داود (٢٣٣٩) من طريق ربعي بن حراش عن بعض أصحاب النبي ﷺ، وصححه الدارقطني (٢٢٠٢). (٢) رواه البخاري (١٩٥٧) ومسلم (١٠٩٨) من حديث سهل ﵁ . و «يحض عليه» ليست في ق، ك. (٣) رواه البخاري (١٩٢٣) ومسلم (١٠٩٥) من حديث أنس ﵁ . (٤) رواه البخاري (١٩٢١) من حديث زيد بن ثابت ﵁ . (٥) رواه أحمد (٢١٣١٢، ٢١٥٠٧) من حديث أبي ذر ﵁ . وفي إسناده ابن لهيعة متكلم فيه، وسليمان بن أبي عثمان، قال فيه أبو حاتم: «مجهول» , وقال الدارقطني: «متروك». انظر: «سؤالات البرقاني» (١٩٤) و «الجرح والتعديل» (٤/ ١٣٤) و «الإرواء» (٤/ ٣٢). (٦) ص: «بها».

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