Zād al-MaʿādIbn al-Qayyim

Ibn ‘Abbās would not fast that day, citing the Prophet’s words (peace and blessings be upon him): “Do not begin fasting until you see the crescent, and do not end your fast until you see it. If it is obscured from you, complete the count of thirty days.” Mālik mentioned this report from him in his Muwatta’ (1), after mentioning Ibn ‘Umar’s hadith, seemingly treating it as an explanation of Ibn ‘Umar’s hadith and the words: “Reckon its duration.”

Ibn ‘Abbās would say: “I am astonished at those who anticipate the month by a day or two, when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Do not anticipate Ramadan by a day or two’ (2).” It appears that he was objecting to Ibn ‘Umar’s practice.

Such was the approach of these two Companions, both leading authorities: one inclined towards strictness, the other towards leniency, and this was so on several issues. ‘Abd Allāh ibn ‘Umar adopted certain strict practices in which the other Companions did not agree with him. He would wash the insides of his eyes during ablution until he became blind as a result (3). When wiping his head, he would use fresh water separately for his ears (4). He would refrain from entering the bathhouse (5), and whenever he did enter it, he would perform a full bath afterward (6),

(1) No. 783. (2) The transmitted report does not have this wording. Its sources have already been cited in connection with Ibn ‘Abbās’s statement. (3) Ibn Qudāma mentioned it in al-Mughnī (1/151). What is established in the reports, however, is that Ibn ‘Umar would sprinkle water into his eyes when bathing to remove major ritual impurity (janāba), as recorded in Mālik’s al-Muwatta’ (111), ‘Abd al-Razzāq’s al-Musannaf (990), and Ibn Abī Shayba’s al-Musannaf (1075). ‘Abd al-Razzāq added: “He—perhaps Nāfi‘—said: ‘‘Abd Allāh ibn ‘Umar would sprinkle water into his eyes only when bathing to remove major ritual impurity, not when performing ablution for prayer.’” (4) Recorded by Mālik (73). (5) Recorded by Ibn Abī Shayba (1171). (6) Recorded by ‘Abd al-Razzāq (1141).
وكان ابن عبَّاسٍ لا يصومه، ويحتجُّ بقوله ﷺ: «لا تصوموا حتَّى تروا الهلال، ولا تُفطِروا حتَّى تروه، فإن غُمَّ عليكم فأكملوا العدَّة ثلاثين». وذكر مالك في «موطَّئه» (١) هذا عنه بعد أن ذكر حديث ابن عمر، كأنَّه جعله مفسِّرًا لحديث ابن عمر وقوله: «فاقدروا له». وكان ابن عبَّاسٍ يقول: عجبتُ ممَّن يتقدَّم الشَّهر بيوم أو يومين، وقد قال رسول الله ﷺ: «لا تقدَّموا رمضان بيومٍ ولا يومين» (٢). كأنَّه ينكر على ابن عمر. وكذلك كان هذان الصَّاحبان الإمامان، أحدهما يميل إلى التَّشديد والآخر يميل إلى التَّرخيص، وذلك في غير مسألةٍ. وعبد الله بن عمر كان يأخذ من التَّشديدات بأشياء لا يوافقه عليها الصَّحابة، فكان يغسل داخلَ عينيه في الوضوء حتَّى عَمِي من ذلك (٣)، وكان إذا مسح رأسه أفرد أذنيه بماءٍ جديدٍ (٤)، وكان يمتنع من دخول الحمَّام (٥)، وكان إذا دخله اغتسل منه (٦)،
(١) برقم (٧٨٣). (٢) الوارد ليس بهذا اللفظ، وقد تقدم تخريجه في قول ابن عباس. (٣) ذكره ابن قدامة في «المغني» (١/ ١٥١). والثابتُ في الروايات أنَّ ابن عمر كان ينضح الماء في عينيه في غسل الجنابة، كما في «موطأ مالك» (١١١) و «مصنف عبد الرزاق» (٩٩٠) و «مصنف ابن أبي شيبة» (١٠٧٥). وزاد عبد الرزاق: قال ــ لعله نافع ــ: «ولم يكن عبد الله بن عمر ينضح في عينيه الماء إلا في غسل الجنابة، فأما الوضوء للصلاة فلا». (٤) رواه مالك (٧٣). (٥) رواه ابن أبي شيبة (١١٧١). (٦) رواه عبد الرزاق (١١٤١).

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