Zād al-MaʿādIbn al-Qayyim

Thus, there are two kinds of love. One is the paradise of this world, the joy of the soul (1), the pleasure of the heart, and the spirit’s bliss, nourishment, and remedy—indeed, its very life and deepest delight. This is loving Allah alone with one’s whole heart, with all one’s powers of inclination, will, and love drawn to Him. The other is torment for the spirit, sorrow for the soul, imprisonment for the heart, and constriction of the breast. It causes pain, misery, and hardship: it is loving anything other than Him, glorified is He.

Among the causes of an open heart is remembering Him continually, in every circumstance and every place. Remembrance has a remarkable effect in opening the heart and filling it with bliss, while heedlessness has a remarkable effect in constricting, imprisoning, and tormenting it.

Another cause is kindness to others: benefiting them with whatever wealth and influence one can offer, through physical effort, and through every form of kindness. The generous benefactor has the most open heart, the most contented soul, and the greatest bliss of heart. The miser who shows no kindness has the most constricted heart, the most miserable life, and the greatest sorrow and anxiety. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) (2) likened the miser and the giver of charity (3) to two men wearing coats (4) of iron. Whenever the giver intends (5) to give charity, his coat expands and stretches until it covers his fingertips (6) and effaces his footprints. Whenever the miser intends to give charity, every ring remains fixed in place, and his coat does not expand for him.

(1) ص adds here: “wa-ladhdhatu al-ʿaysh” (“and the pleasure of life”). This is absent from the remaining manuscripts. (2) The printed edition adds here: “fī al-Sahīh” (“in the Sahīh collection”). This is absent from the manuscripts. (3) Narrated by al-Bukhārī (1443, 2917, 5299, 5797) and Muslim (1021), from Abū Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him). (4) The printed edition reads: “junnatān” (“two coats of armour”). The adopted reading follows the manuscripts. The hadith is transmitted with both readings. (5) ج, ص, ع read: “tasaddaqa” (“gave charity”). The adopted reading follows the remaining manuscripts. (6) The printed edition reads: “yajurru thiyābahu” (“he drags his garments”), a textual corruption that contradicts both the manuscripts and the transmitted hadith wording.
فهما محبَّتان: محبةٌ هي جنّة الدنيا، وسرورُ النفس (١)، ولذة القلب، ونعيم الروح وغذاؤها ودواؤها، بل حياتها وقُرَّةُ عينها، وهي محبَّةُ الله وحدَه بكلِّ القلب، وانجذابِ قُوى الميل والإرادة والمحبة كلِّها إليه. ومحبةٌ هي عذاب الروح، وغَمُّ النفس، وسجنُ القلب، وضِيق الصَّدر، وهي سبب الألم والنكد والعناء وهي محبة ما سواه سبحانه. ومن أسباب شَرْح الصدر: دوامُ ذكره على كلِّ حالٍ وفي كلِّ موطنٍ، فللذِّكر تأثيرٌ عجيب في انشراحِ الصدر ونعيمِ القلب، وللغفلة تأثير عجيب في ضِيْقه وحَبْسِه وعذابِه. ومنها: الإحسان إلى الخلق، ونفْعُهم بما يمكنه من المال والجاه، والنفع بالبدن وأنواع الإحسان، فإن الكريم المحسن أشرحُ النَّاس صدرًا وأطيبُهم نفسًا وأنعمُهم قلبًا، والبخيل الذي ليس فيه إحسانٌ أضيقُ الناس صدرًا وأنكدُهم عيشًا وأعظمُهم غمًّا وهمًّا. وقد ضربَ رسول الله ﷺ (٢) مثلَ البخيل والمتصدِّق (٣) كمثل رجلين عليهما جُبَّتانِ (٤) من حديدٍ، كلَّما هَمَّ (٥) المتصدِّق بصدقةٍ اتسعتْ عليه وانبسطتْ، حتى تُجِنَّ بَنَانَه (٦) وتُعفِّيَ أثرَه، وكلَّما هَمَّ البخيل بالصدقة لزِمتْ كلُّ حَلْقةٍ مكانَها، ولم تتَّسعْ عليه.
(١) بعدها في ص: «ولذة العيش». وليست في بقية النسخ. (٢) بعدها في المطبوع: «في الصحيح». وليست في النسخ. (٣) رواه البخاري (١٤٤٣، ٢٩١٧، ٥٢٩٩، ٥٧٩٧) ومسلم (١٠٢١) من حديث أبي هريرة ﵁. (٤) في المطبوع: «جُنَّتان». والمثبت من النسخ. والرواية بالوجهين. (٥) ج، ص، ع: «تَصدَّق». والمثبت من بقية النسخ. (٦) في المطبوع: «يجرّ ثيابه»، تحريف، وهو خلاف النسخ والرواية.

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