Zād al-MaʿādIbn al-Qayyim

Section
The Causes of an Open Heart and Their Perfect Realization in the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) —

The greatest cause of an open heart is belief in Allah’s oneness. A person’s heart opens in proportion to the perfection, strength, and growth of that belief. Allah Most High says:

“Is one whose heart Allah has opened to Islam, so that he has light from his Lord?” [al-Zumar: 22]

And He says:

“Whomever Allah wills to guide, He opens his heart to Islam; and whomever He wills to lead astray, He makes his heart tight and constricted, as though he were climbing into the sky.” [al-Anʿām: 125]

Guidance and belief in Allah’s oneness are thus among the greatest causes of an open heart, while associating partners with Allah and going astray are among the greatest causes of a tight and constricted heart.

Another cause is the light Allah casts into His servant’s heart—the light of faith—which opens and expands the heart and fills it with joy. When this light is absent from the heart (1), it becomes tight and constricted, confined in the narrowest and harshest of prisons.

Al-Tirmidhī narrated in his Jāmiʿ (hadith collection) (2) that the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: “When light enters the heart, it expands and opens.” They asked, “What is the sign of that, O Messenger of Allah?” He replied: “Turning toward the abode of eternity, turning away from the abode of delusion, and preparing for death before it comes.”

(1) The printed edition reads: “the servant’s heart.” The adopted reading follows the manuscripts. (2) I did not find it in al-Tirmidhī’s Jāmiʿ. Al-Hakīm al-Tirmidhī narrated it in Nawādir al-Usūl (540) from Ibn ʿUmar through a very weak chain of transmission. It has also been narrated from ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd and ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās, and as mursal (disconnected) reports from al-Hasan al-Basrī and Abū Jaʿfar al-Madā’inī. Al-Albānī discusses it at length in al-Daʿīfa (965). See also: ʿIlal al-Dāraqutnī (5:189) and al-ʿIlal al-Mutanāhiya (2:318).
فصل في أسباب شرح الصَّدر وحصولها على الكمال له ﷺ - فأعظم أسباب شرح الصدر: التوحيد، وعلى حسب كماله وقوته وزيادته يكون انشراحُ صدر صاحبه. قال تعالى: ﴿أَفَمَنْ شَرَحَ اللَّهُ صَدْرَهُ لِلْإِسْلَامِ فَهُوَ عَلَى نُورٍ مِنْ رَبِّهِ﴾ [الزمر: ٢٢]. وقال تعالى: ﴿فَمَنْ يُرِدِ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَهْدِيَهُ يَشْرَحْ صَدْرَهُ لِلْإِسْلَامِ وَمَنْ يُرِدْ أَنْ يُضِلَّهُ يَجْعَلْ صَدْرَهُ ضَيِّقًا حَرَجًا كَأَنَّمَا يَصَّعَّدُ فِي السَّمَاءِ﴾ [الأنعام: ١٢٥]. فالهدى والتوحيد من أعظم أسباب شرح الصدر، والشرك والضلال من أعظم أسباب ضِيق الصدر وانحراجه. ومنها: النور الذي يَقْذِفه الله في قلب العبد، وهو نور الإيمان، فإنه يَشرح الصدر ويُوسِّعه ويُفرح القلب. فإذا فُقِد هذا النور من القلب (١) ضاقَ وحرِجَ، وصار في أضيقِ سجنٍ وأصعبِه. وقد روى الترمذي في «جامعه» (٢) عن النبي ﷺ أنه قال: «إذا دخل النور القلبَ انفسحَ وانشرحَ». قالوا: وما علامة ذلك يا رسول الله؟ قال: «الإنابة إلى دار الخلود، والتَّجافِي عن دار الغرور، والاستعداد للموت قبل نزوله».
(١) في المطبوع: «قلب العبد». والمثبت من النسخ. (٢) لم أجده فيه، وقد رواه الحكيم الترمذي في «نوادر الأصول» (٥٤٠) من حديث ابن عمر بإسناد ضعيف جدًّا، ورُوي أيضًا من حديث عبد الله بن مسعود وعبد الله بن عباس، ومن حديث الحسن البصري وأبي جعفر المدائني مرسلًا. وقد أطال الألباني الكلام عليه في «الضعيفة» (٩٦٥). وانظر: «علل الدارقطني» (٥/ ١٨٩) و «العلل المتناهية» (٢/ ٣١٨).

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