Chapter
The Prophet’s Guidance (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) in Charity and Zakat
His guidance concerning zakat was (1) the most perfect in its timing, amount, minimum threshold, who must pay it, and how it is distributed. It took into account the interests of both wealth owners and the poor. Allah, glorified be He, made it a purification for wealth and its owner, and a means of securing His blessing of wealth (2) upon the rich. He has not withdrawn (3) the blessing of wealth from anyone who pays its zakat. Rather, He preserves that wealth for him, increases it, and, through zakat, protects it against calamities, making zakat a wall, a fortress, and a guardian for it.
He made zakat obligatory on four categories of wealth, which circulate (4) most widely among people and are essential to their needs:
First: crops (5) and fruits.
Second: livestock—camels, cattle, sheep, and goats.
Third: the two precious metals that sustain the world: gold and silver.
Fourth: merchandise of every kind.
He then made zakat obligatory once each year, and set the annual due time for crops and fruits (6) at their full maturity