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It was part of the practice of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to cover the deceased upon death—that is (1), to cover his face and body—and to close his eyes. At times he would kiss the deceased, as when he kissed ‘Uthmān ibn Maz‘ūn and wept (2). Likewise, al-Siddīq bent over the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and kissed him after his death (3).
He would instruct those washing the deceased to wash him three times, five times, or more, as they deemed appropriate, and to use camphor in the final washing (4). He did not wash a martyr killed on the battlefield (5). Imam Ahmad mentioned (6) that the Prophet forbade washing them. He would remove their leather and iron items and bury them in their clothes (7), and he did not offer the funeral prayer over them.
(1) The word huwa (“it”) is absent from م and ق.
(2) Recorded by Ahmad (24165), Abū Dāwūd (3163), al-Tirmidhī (989), Ibn Mājah (1456), al-Hākim (1:361), and al-Bayhaqī (3:407), from ‘Ā’isha al-Siddīqa (the truthful). Its chain of transmission includes ‘Āsim ibn ‘Ubayd Allāh ibn ‘Āsim ibn ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb, whom al-Bukhārī described in al-Tārīkh al-Kabīr (6:493) as “munkar al-hadīth (a narrator whose reports are rejected).”
(3) Recorded by al-Bukhārī (1241, 4452), from ‘Ā’isha al-Siddīqa.
(4) As recorded by al-Bukhārī (1253, 1254, 1258, 1261, 1263) and Muslim (939), from Umm ‘Atiyya al-Ansārī, concerning the washing of one of the Prophet’s daughters (peace and blessings be upon him).
(5) The al-Risāla edition reads: “the martyrs killed on the battlefield”; this alteration was made by al-Fiqī. The hadith was recorded by al-Bukhārī (4079), from Jābir ibn ‘Abd Allāh, concerning those killed at Uhud.
(6) Al-Sunan wa-l-Ahkām (2788). The hadith appears in al-Musnad (14189), from Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him), and is among the reports recorded exclusively by Ahmad. Its underlying report appears in al-Bukhārī (1343, 4079), but contains no prohibition against washing them. Rather, it is the narrator’s statement: “He ordered that they be buried; they were not washed, nor was the funeral prayer offered over them,” or an account of the Prophet’s action (peace and blessings be upon him), in reports 1346 and 1347: “He did not wash them.”
(7) Recorded by Ahmad (2217), Abū Dāwūd (3134), Ibn Mājah (1515), al-Bazzār (11:301), and al-Bayhaqī (4:14). Its chain includes ‘Atā’ ibn al-Sā’ib, whose narration had become confused. It also includes ‘Alī ibn ‘Āsim ibn Suhayb al-Wāsitī, who had some weakness as a narrator and would make errors and persist in them. See al-Bahr al-Zakhkhār and Mīzān al-I‘tidāl (3:135).