Friday. Humayd ibn Zanjawayh (1) said: ‘Ubayd Allāh ibn Mūsā narrated to us; Mūsā ibn ‘Ubaydah informed us, from Ayyūb ibn Khālid, from ‘Abd Allāh ibn Rāfi‘, from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
“The promised day is the Day of Resurrection, the witnessed day is the Day of ‘Arafah, and the witness is Friday. The sun has never risen or set on a day more excellent than Friday. On that day there is a time when, if a believing servant asks Allah for any good, He answers him, or if he seeks His protection from any evil, He protects him from it.”
Al-Hārith ibn Abī Usāmah also narrated it in his Musnad (2), from Rawh, from Mūsā, through the same chain. It has several chains of transmission through Mūsā (3) ibn ‘Ubaydah.
In al-Tabarānī’s Mu‘jam (Hadith Collection) (4), there is a report transmitted by [Muhammad ibn] (5) Ismā‘īl ibn
(1) Al-Baghawī transmitted it through him in Sharh al-Sunnah (Commentary on the Sunnah), no. 1047, and his Tafsīr (Quran Commentary), under Sūrat al-Burūj. It was also transmitted by al-Tirmidhī (3339), Ibn ‘Adī in al-Kāmil (The Complete Work), in the biographies of Bakkār ibn ‘Abd Allāh al-Rabadhī and Mūsā ibn ‘Ubaydah al-Rabadhī (2/472–473 and 9/520), and al-Tabarānī in al-Awsat (The Middle Collection), no. 1087, through various chains from Mūsā ibn ‘Ubaydah al-Rabadhī, with the same chain. Al-Tirmidhī said: “We know this hadith only through Mūsā ibn ‘Ubaydah. Mūsā ibn ‘Ubaydah is considered weak in hadith; Yahyā ibn Sa‘īd and others deemed him weak on account of his memory.” The correct view is that this is Abū Hurayrah’s own explanation, as will be shown below.
(2) I could not find it in the sources where it would be expected.
(3) “Bihi … Mūsā” (“through the same chain … Mūsā”) is omitted from the al-Fiqī and al-Risālah editions.
(4) Al-Kabīr (The Large Collection), 3/298. Its chain includes Hāshim ibn Marthad al-Tabarānī, al-Tabarānī’s teacher, of whom Ibn Hibbān said: “He is of no account.” See Mīzān al-I‘tidāl (The Balance of Fair Judgment), 4/290. It also includes Muhammad ibn Ismā‘īl ibn ‘Ayyāsh. Abū Hātim said: “He heard nothing from his father. They induced him to narrate, and he did.” Abū Dāwūd said: “He was not particularly strong.” See Tahdhīb al-Kamāl (Refinement of al-Kamāl), 24/484.
(5) A necessary addition from al-Mu‘jam al-Kabīr (The Large Hadith Collection). Al-Fiqī also supplied it, followed by the al-Risālah edition, but without indicating the addition.