during his prayer (1), and did not regard clearing the throat as invalidating the prayer.

He would sometimes pray barefoot and sometimes wearing sandals. This is what ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr reported about him (2). He instructed people to pray wearing sandals, to differ from the Jews (3).

He would sometimes pray in one garment and sometimes in two, more often in two (4).

He offered supplication after bowing in the dawn prayer for a month, then discontinued it (5). It was not his practice to offer this supplication regularly in that prayer. It is inconceivable that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would say every morning, after rising from bowing, “O Allah, guide us among those You have guided, and take us into Your care among those You have taken into Your care,” and so on, raising his voice while the Companions said “Amen,” consistently until he departed this world—yet this would not be known to the Muslim community. Rather, most of his community and the majority of his Companions—indeed, all of them—would have failed to preserve it, to the point that some of them would call it an innovation, as stated by Sa‘d ibn Tāriq