and exalted is Your majesty; there is no god but You.” The compilers of the Sunan collections reported this from him (1), through ‘Alī ibn ‘Alī al-Rifā‘ī, from Abū al-Mutawakkil, from Abū Sa‘īd, though it may have been transmitted without naming a Companion. A similar report has been narrated from ‘Ā’ishah (2). The preceding hadiths are more firmly established than this one. However, it is authentically reported that ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb used this supplication to open the prayer when standing in the Prophet’s place, reciting it aloud to teach the people (3).
Imam Ahmad said (4): “For my part, I prefer what has been reported from ‘Umar. But if someone began the prayer with any of the opening supplications reported from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, that would be good.” He only chose
(1) Reported by Abū Dāwūd (775), al-Tirmidhī (242), al-Nasā’ī in al-Mujtabā (899) and al-Sunan al-kubrā (974), and Ibn Mājah (804). Al-Tirmidhī said: “The chain of transmission of Abū Sa‘īd’s hadith has been criticized. Yahyā ibn Sa‘īd used to criticize ‘Alī ibn ‘Alī al-Rifā‘ī. Ahmad said: ‘This hadith is not authentic.’” Abū Dāwūd said: “They say that this hadith is transmitted from ‘Alī ibn ‘Alī, from al-Hasan, in mursal form (with a discontinuity in the chain); the error came from Ja‘far.” Al-Bayhaqī (2:34–35) said: “The most authentic report concerning this is the mawqūf report (attributed to the Companion rather than the Prophet) from ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb.” Ibn ‘Abd al-Hādī discussed this hadith’s corroborating reports and parallel chains at length, offering an excellent and valuable treatment. See Tanqīh al-tahqīq (2:150–157).
(2) Reported by Abū Dāwūd (776), al-Tirmidhī (243), and Ibn Mājah (806). Al-Tirmidhī said: “We know this hadith only through this route. Hārithah [ibn Abī al-Rijāl] has been criticized for his memory.” Abū Dāwūd said: “This hadith is not a well-known transmission from ‘Abd al-Salām ibn Harb; only Talq ibn Ghannām transmitted it. A number of narrators transmitted the account of the prayer from Budayl without mentioning any of this.” See also Tanqīh al-tahqīq.
(3) Reported by Muslim (399), ‘Abd al-Razzāq (2557), and Ibn Abī Shaybah (2387, 2389), through several chains from ‘Umar. See also al-Muharrar (219) and Tanqīh al-tahqīq (2:151–152).
(4) A similar statement appears in Ahmad’s Masā’il (Responses to Questions), as transmitted by al-Kawsaj (185; Dār al-Hijrah edition). See also his Masā’il as transmitted by Abū Dāwūd (p. 46) and by his son ‘Abd Allāh (270).