anger, his turning away from the person who angered him, and his indifference to him (1).

His weeping—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—was like his laughter: he did not gasp or raise his voice, just as he did not laugh boisterously. Rather, his eyes would fill with tears until they overflowed (2), and a low rumbling could be heard from his chest. Sometimes he wept out of compassion for the deceased, sometimes out of fear and concern for his community, sometimes out of reverent fear of Allah, and sometimes upon hearing the Quran. This last kind of weeping expressed longing, love, and reverence, accompanied by fear and awe.

When his son Abraham died, his eyes filled with tears, and he wept out of compassion for him. He said: “The eyes shed tears and the heart grieves, but we say only what pleases our Lord. Indeed, we grieve over you, Abraham” (3).

He wept when he saw one of his daughters as her soul was departing (4). He also wept when Ibn Masʿūd recited Sūrat al-Nisāʾ to him and reached the words of Allah Most High:

“How will it be, then, when We bring a witness from every nation and bring you as a witness against these people?” [al-Nisāʾ: 41] (5).

He wept when ʿUthmān ibn Mazʿūn died (6). He also wept when the sun was eclipsed, and he performed the eclipse prayer