this book. Indeed, it draws more heavily on these sources than any of the author’s other works, for reasons apparent from its subject matter.

There are also works on which the author relies extensively, though the extent of his reliance varies throughout the book according to the subject under discussion and how fully he treats it. These include:

• The responsa of Imam Ahmad, in various transmitted versions.
• Al-Shāfiʿī’s works: “al-Umm”, “Ikhtilāf al-Hadīth”, and others.
• Ibn al-Mundhir’s two works: “al-Awsat” and “al-Ishrāf”.
• Ghulām al-Khallāl’s two works: “al-Shāfī” and “Zād al-Musāfir”.
• Al-Khattābī’s “Maʿālim al-Sunan”.
• Ibn Hazm al-Andalusī’s works: “al-Muhallā”, “Hajjat al-Wadāʿ”, and “Jawāmiʿ al-Sīra”.
• Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr’s two works: “al-Tamhīd” and “al-Istidhkār”.
• Al-Bayhaqī’s works: “Maʿrifat al-Sunan wa-l-Āthār”, “al-Sunan al-Kabīr”, and “Dalāʾil al-Nubuwwa”.
• Ibn Qudāma’s “al-Mughnī” in particular.
• His teacher Ibn Taymiyya: in many places, he quoted from his writings or from what he had heard from him, and reported his preferred opinions.
• The author also sometimes referred readers to his own works for a full treatment of a topic, such as “Tahdhīb