Zād al-MaʿādIbn al-Qayyim

He, peace and blessings be upon him, would sometimes qualify his oath with an exception, sometimes make expiation for it, and sometimes fulfil it. An exception prevents an oath from becoming binding, whereas expiation releases one from it after it has become binding. This is why Allah Most High called it a release (1).

He, peace and blessings be upon him, would joke, but spoke only the truth when joking. He would also use indirect language, saying nothing but the truth. For example, when intending to travel to a particular destination, he would ask about another: what was the road there like, where were its water sources, how was the route, and similar questions.

He would offer counsel and seek counsel.

He would visit the sick, attend funerals, accept invitations, and accompany widows, the poor, and the weak to help them attend to their needs.

He listened to poets praising him and rewarded them for it. Yet the praise spoken of him represented only a very small fraction of his praiseworthy qualities, and he rewarded what was true. Praise of other people, however, is most often based on falsehood; hence he ordered that dust be thrown in the faces of flatterers (2).

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, personally took part in footraces and wrestled (3).

(1) In the second verse of Sūrat al-Tahrīm. (2) Recorded by Muslim (3002), from al-Miqdād ibn al-Aswad. (3) The strongest report concerning the Prophet’s wrestling, peace and blessings be upon him, is the hadith of Rukāna, recorded by Abū Dāwūd (4078) and al-Tirmidhī (1784), through Abū al-Hasan al-‘Asqalānī, from Abū Ja‘far ibn Muhammad ibn Rukāna, from his father. Al-Tirmidhī said: “This is a gharīb hadith; its chain of transmission is not sound, and we know neither Abū al-Hasan al-‘Asqalānī nor Ibn Rukāna.” Ibn Kathīr stated in al-Bidāya wa-l-Nihāya (4/256): “Abū Bakr al-Shāfi‘ī transmitted, with a good chain of transmission, from Ibn ‘Abbās that Yazīd ibn Rukāna wrestled the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and the Prophet threw him to the ground.” He then recounted the story. The wrestling match mentioned took place before Islam. Al-Suhaylī related in al-Rawd (3/194) that Abū al-Ashaddayn, Kalda ibn Usayd, challenged the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, to wrestle. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, threw him to the ground, but he did not believe as he had pledged to do.
وكان ﷺ يستثني في يمينه تارةً، ويكفِّرها تارةً، ويمضي فيها تارةً. والاستثناء يمنع عقد اليمين، والكفارة تحُلُّها بعد عقدها، ولهذا سمَّاها الله تعالى تَحِلَّةً (١). وكان ﷺ يمازح ويقول في مزاحه الحقَّ. ويورِّي ولا يقول في توريته إلا الحقَّ، مثل أن يريد وِجهةً يقصدها، فيسأل عن غيرها كيف طريقها؟ وكيف مياهها ومسلكها ونحو ذلك؟ وكان يشير، ويستشير. وكان يعود المريض، ويشهد الجنازة، ويجيب الدعوة، ويمشي مع الأرملة والمسكين والضعيف في حوائجهم. وسمع مديحَ الشعراء، وأثاب عليه. ولكن ما قيل فيه من المديح فهو جزء يسير جدًّا من محامده، وأثاب على الحق؛ وأما مدحُ غيره من الناس فأكثرُ ما يكون بالكذب، فلذلك أمَر أن يُحْثَى في وجوه المدَّاحين التراب (٢). فصل وسابقَ رسولُ الله ﷺ بنفسه على الأقدام، وصارَعَ (٣).
(١) في الآية الثانية من سورة التحريم. (٢) أخرجه مسلم (٣٠٠٢) من حديث المقداد بن الأسود. (٣) أمثل ما روي في مصارعة النبي ﷺ حديث ركانة، أخرجه أبو داود (٤٠٧٨) والترمذي (١٧٨٤) عن أبي الحسن العسقلاني عن أبي جعفر بن محمد بن ركانة عن أبيه. قال الترمذي: «هذا حديث غريب، وإسناده ليس بالقائم، ولا نعرف أبا الحسن العسقلاني ولا ابن ركانة». وقال ابن كثير في «البداية والنهاية» (٤/ ٢٥٦): وقد روى أبو بكر الشافعي بإسناد جيد عن ابن عباس أن يزيد بن ركانة صارع النبي ﷺ، فصرعه النبيُّ ﷺ. وذكر القصة. والمصارعة المذكورة وقعت قبل الإسلام. وحكى السهيلي في «الروض» (٣/ ١٩٤) أن أبا الأشَدَّين كلَدة بن أُسَيد دعا النبيَّ ﷺ إلى المصارعة، فصرَعه رسولُ الله ﷺ، ولكن لم يؤمن حسب شرطه.

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