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On his poets and orators

His poets (1) who defended Islam were Ka‘b ibn Mālik, ‘Abd Allāh ibn Rawāhah, and Hassān ibn Thābit. Hassān was the harshest of them toward the disbelievers. Ka‘b ibn Mālik reproached them for their disbelief and polytheism. His orator was Thābit ibn Qays ibn Shammās.

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On the camel-drivers who sang in his presence, peace and blessings be upon him, during journeys

They included ‘Abd Allāh ibn Rawāhah, Anjashah, and ‘Āmir ibn al-Akwa‘, the uncle (2) of Salamah ibn al-Akwa‘. Sahīh Muslim (3) relates that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, had a camel-driver with a beautiful voice. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to him:

“Gently, Anjashah! Do not break the glass vessels.”

By this he meant the delicate women.

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On his military campaigns, missions, and detachments

All his military campaigns, missions, and detachments took place after the Hijrah, over a period of ten years. The campaigns numbered twenty-seven; some say twenty-five, and others nineteen (4),