Muslim also narrated in his Sahīh (1), through Qatādah, from Anas, who said: “Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, wrote to Chosroes, to Caesar, and to the Negus.” This was not the Negus for whom Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, offered the funeral prayer.
Abū Muhammad ibn Hazm said (2) that this Negus, to whom Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, sent Amr ibn Umayyah, did not embrace Islam. The former view was preferred by Ibn Sa‘d and others (3), but Ibn Hazm’s view appears to be correct.
He sent Dihyah ibn Khalīfah al-Kalbī to Caesar, the Byzantine emperor, whose name was Heraclius. He considered embracing Islam and nearly did so, but did not. It has been said that he did embrace Islam, but that claim has no substance.
Abū Hātim ibn Hibbān narrated (4) in his Sahīh (5), from Anas ibn Mālik, who said: [Allah’s Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, said] (6): “Who will take this letter of mine to Caesar [and receive Paradise] (7)?” A man among those present said: “Even if I am not killed (8)?” He replied (9): “Even if you are not killed.” He encountered Caesar while he was