who reversed the matter and stated that his name in the Torah is Ahmad (1).
As for Ahmad, it is a name formed on the comparative and superlative pattern af‘al, likewise derived from praise. Scholars have differed over whether it has an active or a passive meaning. One group held that its meaning is active: his praise of Allah exceeds anyone else’s praise of Him. Thus, it means the one who praises his Lord most. They favoured this interpretation because the regular formation of the comparative and superlative is from the action performed by the subject, not the action undergone by the object.
They said: For this reason, one cannot say mā adraba Zaydan or Zaydun adrabu min ‘Amrin to mean “How much Zayd is struck!” or “Zayd is struck more than ‘Amr.” Nor can one say mā ashraba al-mā’a wa-ākala al-khubza (2), meaning “How much water is drunk, and how much bread is eaten!”, or similar expressions. They said: This is because the comparative and superlative form and the exclamatory verb are formed only from intransitive verbs. Hence, the verb is understood to have been shifted from fa‘ala or fa‘ila, with a or i on the middle radical (3), to fa‘ula, with u on the middle radical. They said: This is why it is made transitive by adding a hamza, allowing it to take an object; its hamza therefore marks transitivization. Examples are mā azrafa Zaydan (“How charming Zayd is!”) and akrama ‘Amran (“How generous ‘Amr is!”), which derive respectively from zarufa and karuma. They said: Since the person whose quality occasions the exclamation was originally the subject, the underlying verb must be intransitive.
They said: As for expressions such as mā adraba Zaydan li-‘Amrin (“How much Zayd strikes ‘Amr!”), the verb is shifted from fa‘ala, with a on the [middle radical] (4), to fa‘ula, with u on the middle radical, and is then, in this form, made transitive by adding a hamza. They said: