Zād al-Maʿād - Ibn al-Qayyim - (المقدمة/20)

Zād al-MaʿādIbn al-Qayyim

voluntarily. He devoted a separate discussion to fasting on the day of ʿĀshūrāʾ and not fasting on the day of ʿArafah while at ʿArafāt, and to the Prophet’s guidance (peace and blessings be upon him) concerning fasting on Saturdays and Sundays and the dislike of singling out Friday for fasting. He concluded this chapter with the Prophet’s guidance (peace and blessings be upon him) concerning devotional retreat.

The chapter on Hajj and ʿumrah is lengthy. He first mentioned the number of ʿumrahs performed by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), then described his guidance during his Hajj, from his departure from Medina until his return. Along the way, he discussed many detailed rulings concerning Hajj, clarified the misconceptions of those who erred in their accounts of the Prophet’s ʿumrahs, the manner of his Hajj, and his declaration upon entering ritual consecration, and refuted the evidence they cited. He devoted a lengthy section to converting Hajj into ʿumrah (2/ 219 - 272).

He then devoted a chapter to the Prophet’s guidance (peace and blessings be upon him) concerning pilgrimage offerings, Eid sacrifices, and sacrifices on the birth of a child, concluding it with prohibited expressions. He followed this with a section on the Prophet’s guidance (peace and blessings be upon him) concerning the remembrance of Allah, bringing together the words of remembrance he used on various occasions. This concluded the book’s section on acts of worship.

Organization of the Section on Military Campaigns

The author began by explaining the status of jihad in Islam and its many forms: through proof and explanation, and through sword and spear. He explained that a person cannot wage jihad against an external enemy until he strives against his own soul and its desires, and against Satan and his whisperings.

He then described the jihad undertaken by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) from the beginning of his prophetic mission, through the Quran, as Allah Most High says:

“…the disbelievers, and strive earnestly against them with it.” [al-Furqān: 52]

His people persecuted him and his followers until the latter were compelled to migrate to Abyssinia. Allah permitted His Prophet to migrate to Medina, and fighting was subsequently made obligatory upon him.

He then cited the hadiths concerning the merit of jihad and encouragement to undertake it, and the merit of martyrdom in Allah’s cause.

التطوع. وأفرد بحثًا في صيام يوم عاشوراء وإفطار يوم عرفة بعرفة، وهديه ﷺ في صوم يوم السبت والأحد وكراهة تخصيص يوم الجمعة بالصوم. وختم هذا الباب بذكر هديه ﷺ في الاعتكاف. أما باب الحج والعمرة فهو باب طويل ذكر فيه أولًا عدد عُمَر النبي ﷺ، ثم ساق هديه ﷺ في حجته منذ أن خرج من المدينة إلى أن رجع إليها، وتكلم في أثنائها على أحكام جزئية كثيرة للحج، وبيَّن أوهام الذين غلِطوا في ذكر عُمَر النبي ﷺ وصفة حجته وإهلاله، وردَّ على ما احتجُّوا به. وقد خصَّص فصلًا طويلًا للكلام على فسخ الحج إلى العمرة (٢/ ٢١٩ - ٢٧٢). ثم عقد بابًا في هديه ﷺ في الهدايا والضحايا والعقيقة، وختمه بذكر المناهي اللفظية. وعقّبه بفصلٍ في هديه ﷺ في الذكر، جمع فيه أذكار النبي ﷺ في مناسبات مختلفة، وبه ختم قسم العبادات من الكتاب. * ترتيب قسم المغازي بدأه المؤلف بذكر مكانة الجهاد في الإسلام وأنه أنواع عديدة: بالحجة والبيان وبالسيف والسنان، وأن العدو الخارجي لا يمكن جهاده حتى يجاهد نفسه وشهواتها، ويجاهد الشيطان ووساوسه. ثم ذكر ما قام به النبي ﷺ من الجهاد من أول مبعثه، وذلك بالقرآن كما قال تعالى: ﴿الْكَافِرِينَ وَجَاهِدْهُمْ بِهِ جِهَادًا﴾ [الفرقان: ٥٢]، فآذاه قومه وآذوا أتباعه إلى أن اضطروا إلى الهجرة إلى الحبشة، وأذن الله لنبيه بالهجرة إلى المدينة، ثم فُرض عليه القتال. ثم ساق الأحاديث في فضل الجهاد والترغيب فيه وفي فضل الشهادة في سبيل الله.