Zād al-Maʿād - Ibn al-Qayyim - (المقدمة/18)

Zād al-MaʿādIbn al-Qayyim

his concubines, his clients, his servants, his scribes, his letters to Muslims setting out religious laws, his letters and envoys to kings, his muezzins, his commanders, his guards, those who carried out beheadings in his presence, those responsible for his expenses, his signet ring, and related matters, his poets and orators, his camel-driving chanters, his military campaigns and expeditions, his detachments, his weapons and household effects, his riding animals, and his clothing.

In this arrangement, the author followed his source, the book by Ibn Jamā‘a. In that book, however, the servants are mentioned before the clients, the military campaigns after the chapter on the migration, and the clothing before the riding animals. Ibn Jamā‘a did not mention the Prophet’s letters (peace and blessings be upon him). Conversely, the author omitted several subjects covered by Ibn Jamā‘a: the Prophet’s description (peace and blessings be upon him), his miracles, and his death.

Perhaps he deferred the discussion of clothing so that he could connect Ibn Jamā‘a’s account with that of Shaykh al-Islām in “al-Qaramāniyya,” and thereby move on to the Prophet’s guidance (peace and blessings be upon him) in the other aspects of his life. For when Shaykh al-Islām discussed his guidance concerning clothing (peace and blessings be upon him), explaining that he wore whatever was readily available, whether cotton, wool, or other materials, he said:

“And likewise, his practice concerning food was neither to refuse what was available nor to go to trouble to obtain what was not … He would eat chicken and other meat” (Jāmi‘ al-Masā’il 7/ 144).

The author, may Allah have mercy on him, took this passage and used it to open a new chapter after the chapter on the Prophet’s clothing (peace and blessings be upon him), detailing his guidance concerning eating and drinking. Chapters then followed on his guidance (peace and blessings be upon him) concerning marriage, relations with his family, and other matters, as previously detailed.

Arrangement of the Section on Worship

The author, may Allah have mercy on him, arranged the Prophet’s guidance (peace and blessings be upon him) concerning worship under the following headings: purification, prayer, charity and zakat, fasting, and Hajj and ‘umrah. He concluded this section with chapters on his guidance (peace and blessings be upon him) concerning the remembrance of Allah.

سراريه، مواليه، خدامه، كتّابه، كُتبه إلى أهل الإسلام بالشرائع، كتبه ورسله إلى الملوك، مؤذّنوه، أمراؤه، حرسه، من كان يضرب الأعناق بين يديه، من كان على نفقاته وخاتمه وما إلى ذلك، شعراؤه وخطباؤه، حُداته، غزواته وبعوثه، وسراياه، سلاحه وأثاثه، دوابه، ملابسه. وقد تابع المصنفُ في هذا الترتيب مصدره وهو كتاب ابن جماعة، غير أنَّ ذِكْر الخدّام فيه قبل ذِكر الموالي، وذِكر الغزوات بعد فصل الهجرة، وذِكر الملابس قبل الدواب. ولم يذكر ابن جماعة كتب النبي ﷺ. ومن جهة أخرى أغفل المصنف مما ذكره ابن جماعة صفة النبي ﷺ ومعجزاته ووفاته. ولعله أخَّر ذكر الملابس ليصل كلام ابن جماعة فيه بكلام شيخ الإسلام في «القرمانية»، ويتخلص منه إلى ذكر هدي النبي ﷺ في سائر شؤون حياته. وذلك أن شيخ الإسلام لما ذكر هديه ﷺ في اللباس أنه كان يلبس ما تيسَّر من اللباس من قطن أو صوف أو غيرهما قال: و «كذلك كانت سيرته في الطعام: لا يردُّ موجودًا ولا يتكلَّف مفقودًا ... ويأكل لحم الدجاج وغيره» (جامع المسائل ٧/ ١٤٤). فأخذ المؤلف ﵀ هذه الفقرة، واستهل بها فصلًا جديدًا بعد فصل ملابسه ﷺ لتفصيل هديه في الأكل والشرب. ثم تتابعت الفصول في هديه ﷺ في النكاح ومعاشرة أهله، وغير ذلك كما سبق تفصيله. * ترتيب قسم العبادات رتب المؤلف ﵀ هدي النبي ﷺ في العبادات على الأبواب الآتية: الطهارة، الصلاة، الصدقة والزكاة، الصوم، الحج والعمرة. وختمه بفصول في هديه ﷺ في الذِّكْر.