Zād al-MaʿādIbn al-Qayyim

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As for the second category—using words of blame against those who do not deserve them—an example is the Prophet’s prohibition, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, against reviling Time. He said:

“Indeed, Allah is Time” (1).

In another hadith:

“Allah, Almighty and Majestic, says: ‘The son of Adam offends Me by reviling (2) Time. I am Time; all affairs are in My hand, and I alternate night and day’” (3).

In another hadith:

“Let none of you say: ‘Woe to Time!’” (4).

This entails three grave evils:

The first is reviling (5) what does not deserve to be reviled (6). Time is one of Allah’s creations, made subservient, obedient (7) to His command, and subjected to His control. Thus, whoever reviles it deserves blame and abuse more than Time does.

The second is that reviling it entails associating partners with Allah. A person reviles it only because he thinks that it brings harm and benefit and that it is, moreover, unjust: it has harmed those who do not deserve harm, given to those who do not deserve to receive, elevated those who do not deserve elevation, and deprived those who do not deserve deprivation. In the eyes of those who curse it, it is among the most unjust of oppressors. The poems composed by these unjust people (8), these traitors, to revile it are exceedingly numerous, and many

(1) Narrated by Muslim (2246/5), from Abū Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him. (2) Sād, Jīm, and Kāf read: “yasubbu (reviles).” (3) Narrated by al-Bukhārī (4826) and Muslim (2246/2), from Abū Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him. (4) Narrated by al-Bukhārī (6182) and Muslim (2246/3), from Abū Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him. (5) Sād and Jīm read: “masabba (reviling).” (6) Kāf reads: “laysa min ahl al-sabb (does not deserve to be reviled).” (7) Sād and Jīm read: “munqādan (obedient).” (8) “Wa-ash‘ār hā’ulā’ al-zalama (and the poems of these unjust people)” is omitted from Kāf.
فصل وأمَّا القسم الثَّاني وهو أن تُطلَق ألفاظ الذمِّ على من ليس من أهلها، فمثل نهيه ﷺ عن سبِّ الدَّهر وقال: «إنَّ الله هو الدَّهر» (١)، وفي حديثٍ آخر: «يقول الله ﷿: يُؤذِيني ابنُ آدم فيسبُّ (٢) الدَّهرَ، وأنا الدَّهر، بيدي الأمرُ، أُقلِّب اللَّيلَ والنَّهار» (٣)، وفي حديثٍ آخر: «لا يقولنَّ أحدكم: يا خيبةَ الدَّهر» (٤). وفي هذا ثلاثُ مفاسدَ عظيمة: إحداها: سَبُّه (٥) من ليس بأهلٍ للسبّ (٦)، فإنَّ الدَّهر خَلقٌ مسخَّرٌ من خلق اللَّه، منقادٌ (٧) لأمره، مذلَّلٌ لتسخيره، فسابُّه أولى بالذَّمِّ والسَّبِّ منه. الثَّانية: أنَّ سبَّه متضمِّنٌ للشِّرك، فإنَّه إنَّما يسبُّه لظنِّه أنَّه يضرُّ وينفع، وأنَّه مع ذلك ظالمٌ، قد ضرَّ من لا يستحقُّ الضَّرر، وأعطى من لا يستحقُّ العطاء، ورفعَ من لا يستحقُّ الرِّفعة، وحَرَمَ من لا يستحقُّ الحرمان، وهو عند شاتميه من أظلم الظَّلَمَة، وأشعار هؤلاء الظَّلَمَة (٨) الخَوَنة في سبِّه كثيرةٌ جدًّا، وكثيرٌ
(١) رواه مسلم (٢٢٤٦/ ٥) من حديث أبي هريرة ﵁. (٢) ص، ج، ك: «يسب». (٣) رواه البخاري (٤٨٢٦) ومسلم (٢٢٤٦/ ٢) من حديث أبي هريرة ﵁. (٤) رواه البخاري (٦١٨٢) ومسلم (٢٢٤٦/ ٣) من حديث أبي هريرة ﵁. (٥) ص، ج: «مسبة». (٦) ك: «ليس من أهل السب». (٧) ص، ج: «منقادا». (٨) «وأشعار هؤلاء الظلمة» ساقطة من ك.

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