Zād al-Maʿād - Ibn al-Qayyim - (2/415)

of ‘Alī points to this in his words: “If a son is born to me after you (1),” since he did not ask about a child born to him during the Prophet’s lifetime. However, ‘Alī (2) said in this hadith: “This was a concession granted to me.”

Someone whose opinion carries no weight adopted an anomalous view, prohibiting the use of the Prophet’s name, peace and blessings be upon him, by analogy with the prohibition against (3) adopting his kunya. The correct view is that using his name is permissible, whereas adopting his kunya is prohibited, with the prohibition being more emphatic during his lifetime. Combining the two is also prohibited. The hadith of ‘Ā’ishah is singular; a report of this kind cannot be set against the authentic hadith. The authenticity of ‘Alī’s hadith is open to question, and al-Tirmidhī shows a degree of leniency in grading hadiths authentic. Moreover, ‘Alī said that it was a concession granted to him (4), which indicates (5) that the prohibition remains in force for others. And Allah knows best.

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Some among the early and later generations disliked the kunya Abū ‘Īsā, while others permitted it (6). Abū Dāwūd (7) related from Zayd ibn Aslam that ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb struck a son of his who had adopted the kunya Abū ‘Īsā, and that al-Mughīrah ibn Shu‘bah had adopted the kunya Abū ‘Īsā. ‘Umar said to him: “Is it not enough for you to have the kunya Abū ‘Abd Allāh?” He replied: “The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, gave me this kunya.” ‘Umar said: “Indeed,

(1) Sād: “waladan” (“a child,” in the accusative), an error. (2) “‘Alī” is absent from Kāf. (3) Kāf, Sād: “‘alī.” (4) “Lahu” (“for him”) is absent from Kāf. (5) Kāf: “yadkhul” (“enters”), a textual corruption. (6) Kāf: “wa-ajāzahu” (“and permitted it,” with a masculine object pronoun). (7) No. 4963. Al-‘Irāqī graded it authentic in Takhrīj al-Ihyā’ (p. 494).

علي فيه إشارةٌ إلى ذلك بقوله: «إن وُلِد لي من بعدك ولدٌ (١)»، ولم يسأله عمَّن يولد له في حياته، ولكن قد قال علي (٢) في هذا الحديث: «وكانت رخصةً لي». وقد شذَّ من لا يُؤبَهُ لقوله، فمنع التَّسميةَ باسمه ﷺ قياسًا على النَّهي عن (٣) التكنِّي بكنيته، والصَّواب أنَّ التسمِّي باسمه جائزٌ، والتكنِّي بكنيته ممنوعٌ منه، والمنع في حياته أشدُّ، والجمع بينهما ممنوعٌ منه، وحديث عائشة غريبٌ لا يُعارَضُ بمثله الحديثُ الصَّحيح، وحديث علي في صحَّته نظرٌ، والتِّرمذيُّ فيه نوع تساهلٍ في التَّصحيح، وقد قال علي: إنَّها رخصةٌ له (٤)، وهذا يدلُّ (٥) على بقاء المنع لمن سواه، والله أعلم. فصل وقد كرِهَ قومٌ من السَّلف والخلف الكنيةَ بأبي عيسى، وأجازها (٦) آخرون، فروى أبو داود (٧) عن زيد بن أسلم أنَّ عمر بن الخطَّاب ضرب ابنًا له تكنَّى أبا عيسى، وأنَّ المغيرة بن شعبة تكنَّى بأبي عيسى، فقال له عمر: أما يكفيكَ أن تكنى بأبي عبد الله؟ فقال: إنَّ رسول الله ﷺ كنَّاني، فقال: إنَّ

(١) ص: «ولدا»، خطأ. (٢) «علي» ليس في ك. (٣) ك، ص: «علي». (٤) «له» ليست في ك. (٥) ك: «يدخل»، تحريف. (٦) ك: «وأجازه». (٧) برقم (٤٩٦٣) وصححه العراقي في «تخريج الإحياء» (ص ٤٩٤).