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Since every servant acts (1) by his will, intention is the starting point of will, and his labour and earning follow from his will, the names that most truthfully describe their bearers are “Hammām” (one who continually intends) and “Hārith” (cultivator), for their bearers are never without the qualities these names signify. Since true sovereignty belongs to Allah alone, and none but He is truly King, the most abject and debased name in Allah’s sight, and the one that most provokes His anger, is “Shāhān Shāh,” meaning King of Kings and Sultan of Sultans. This belongs to none but Allah; naming anyone else thus is among the greatest falsehoods, and Allah does not love falsehood.
Some scholars (2) have placed “Judge of Judges” in the same category, saying: None is the Judge of Judges (3) except He who judges in truth and is the best of judges, who, when He decrees a matter, merely says to it, “Be,” and it is. Next to this title in objectionableness, ugliness, and falsehood come “Master of Mankind” and “Master of All.” These belong exclusively to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, as he said: “I am the master of the children of Adam (4)” (5). Thus no one may ever say of anyone other than him that he is the master of mankind (6), just as no one may say that he is the master of the children of Adam.