Zād al-MaʿādIbn al-Qayyim

Eid al-Adhā with him at the prayer ground. When he had finished his sermon, he descended from his pulpit, and a ram was brought to him. He slaughtered it with his own hand, saying: “In the name of Allah; Allah is the Greatest. This is on my behalf and on behalf of those of my community who have not offered a sacrifice.” The two Sahīh collections (1) report that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used to slaughter at the prayer ground, both by cutting the throat and by piercing the base of the neck.

Abū Dāwūd (2) also reported from him that the Prophet slaughtered two horned, castrated rams, white with black markings, on the Day of Sacrifice. After positioning them, he said: “I have turned my face towards Him who created the heavens and the earth, devoted to Him alone, and I am not one of those who associate partners with Him. Indeed, my prayer, my sacrifice, my life and my death are for Allah, Lord of all worlds. He has no partner. This I have been commanded, and I am the first of the Muslims. O Allah, this is from You and for You, on behalf of Muhammad and his community. In the name of Allah; Allah is the Greatest.” Then he slaughtered them.

He instructed people, when slaughtering, to slaughter well, and when killing, to kill well. He said: “Allah has prescribed excellence in all things” (3).

His guidance also included that a single sheep suffices as a sacrifice for a man and for (4) his household, however numerous they may be. As ‘Atā’ ibn Yasār related: I asked Abū Ayyūb al-Ansārī, “What were the sacrifices like during the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him?” He replied: “A man would sacrifice a sheep on behalf of himself and his household; they would eat (5) from it and feed others (6).” Al-Tirmidhī said: “This is a good and sound hadith.”

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhārī (5552), from Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both). I did not find it in Muslim. (2) No. 2795. Also narrated by Ibn Mājah (3121), from Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him). Its chain contains Ibn Ishāq’s ‘an‘anah (transmission using ‘an, “from”). See al-Irwā’ (4/350–351). (3) Narrated by Muslim (1955), from Shaddād ibn Aws (may Allah be pleased with him). (4) ‘An (“on behalf of”) is absent from manuscript kāf. (5) Manuscript kāf reads: “fa-ya’kul” (“so he would eat”). (6) Narrated by al-Tirmidhī (1505) and Ibn Mājah (3147), and graded authentic by al-Tirmidhī and al-Albānī in al-Irwā’ (4/355).
معه الأضحى بالمصلَّى، فلمَّا قضى خطبته نزل من منبره، وأُتي بكَبْشٍ فذبحه بيده، وقال: «بسم اللَّه، والله أكبر، هذا عنِّي وعمَّن لم يضحِّ من أمَّتي». وفي «الصَّحيحين» (١) أنَّ النبيَّ ﷺ كان يذبح وينحر بالمصلَّى. وذكر أبو داود (٢) عنه أنَّه ذبح يوم النَّحر كبشين أقرنين أملحين مَوجُوءين، فلمَّا وجَّههما قال: «وجَّهتُ وجهيَ للَّذي فطرَ السَّموات والأرض حنيفًا، وما أنا من المشركين، إنَّ صلاتي ونسكي ومحياي ومماتي لله ربِّ العالمين، لا شريك له، وبذلك أُمِرتُ، وأنا أوَّل المسلمين، اللَّهمَّ منك ولك، عن محمَّدٍ وأمَّته، بسم اللَّه، والله أكبر»، ثمَّ ذبح. وأمر النَّاس إذا ذبحوا أن يُحسِنوا الذبح، وإذا قتلوا أن يُحسِنوا القتل، وقال: «إنَّ الله كتب الإحسان على كلِّ شيءٍ» (٣). وكان من هديه: أنَّ الشَّاة تُجزِئ عن الرَّجل وعن (٤) أهل بيته، ولو كثر عددهم، كما قال عطاء بن يسارٍ: سألتُ أبا أيُّوب الأنصاريَّ: كيف كانت الضَّحايا على عهد رسول الله ﷺ؟ فقال: كان الرَّجل يضحِّي بالشَّاة عنه وعن أهل بيته، فيأكلون (٥) ويُطعمون (٦). قال الترمذي: حديثٌ حسنٌ صحيحٌ.
(١) رواه البخاري (٥٥٥٢) من حديث ابن عمر ﵄. ولم أجده عند مسلم. (٢) برقم (٢٧٩٥)، ورواه ابن ماجه (٣١٢١)، من حديث جابر ﵁ وفيه عنعنة ابن إسحاق. انظر: «الإرواء» (٤/ ٣٥٠ - ٣٥١). (٣) رواه مسلم (١٩٥٥) من حديث شداد بن أوس ﵁. (٤) «عن» ليست في ك. (٥) ك: «فيأكل». (٦) رواه الترمذي (١٥٠٥) وابن ماجه (٣١٤٧)، وصححه الترمذي والألباني في «الإرواء» (٤/ ٣٥٥).

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