Zād al-Maʿād - Ibn al-Qayyim - (2/378)

There are three kinds of sacrifices offered as acts of worship and a means of drawing near to Allah: sacrificial offerings, Eid sacrifices, and sacrifices for newborns.

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) offered sheep and goats, camels, and cattle on behalf of his wives (1). He sent sacrificial offerings while remaining at home and offered them during (2) his umrah and his Hajj (3). His practice was to garland sheep and goats without marking them by an incision (4).

When he sent his sacrificial offerings while remaining at home, nothing previously lawful for him became forbidden to him (5).

When he offered camels, he garlanded them and marked them by making a slight incision on the right side of their humps until blood flowed (6). Al-Shāfi‘ī (7) said: “The incision is made on the right side; that is how the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) marked his sacrificial animals.”

When he sent his sacrificial offerings, he instructed his emissary that, if any of the animals were in danger of coming to serious harm, he should

(1) His offering cattle as sacrificial animals on behalf of his wives is reported by al-Bukhārī (294, 5559) and Muslim (1211/119), from ‘Ā’ishah, as previously mentioned. His offering sheep and goats is reported by al-Bukhārī (1701) and Muslim (1321/367), from ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her). His offering camels is reported by al-Bukhārī (1696) and Muslim (1321/362), from ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her). (2) Fī (“during”) is absent from k. (3) His sending sacrificial animals while remaining at home is reported by al-Bukhārī (1696) and Muslim (1321/362); his offering them during his umrah is reported by al-Bukhārī (1694). His offering them during Hajj was at the Farewell Pilgrimage. (4) Reported by Muslim (1321/367), from ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her). (5) Reported by al-Bukhārī (1699) and Muslim (1321/362), from ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her). (6) Reported by Muslim (1243), from Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with them both). (7) In al-Umm (8/342).

والذَّبائح الَّتي هي قربةٌ إلى الله وعبادةٌ هي ثلاثةٌ: الهدي، والأضحيَّة، والعقيقة. فأهدى رسول الله ﷺ الغنم، وأهدى الإبل، وأهدى عن نسائه البقر (١)، وأهدى في مقامه وفي (٢) عمرته وفي حجَّته (٣)، وكانت سنَّته تقليد الغنم دون إشعارها (٤). وكان إذا بعث بهديه وهو مقيمٌ لم يَحْرُم عليه شيءٌ كان منه حلالًا (٥). وكان إذا أهدى الإبل قلَّدها وأشعرها، فيشُقُّ صفحةَ سَنامِها الأيمن يسيرًا حتَّى يسيل الدَّم (٦). قال الشَّافعيُّ (٧): والإشعار في الصَّفحة اليمنى، كذلك أشعر النبيُّ ﷺ. وكان إذا بعث بهديه أمر رسولَه إذا أشرف على عَطَبٍ شيءٌ منه أن

(١) أمَّا إهداء البقر عن نسائه فعند البخاري (٢٩٤، ٥٥٥٩) ومسلم (١٢١١/ ١١٩) من حديث عائشة، وقد تقدم. وأما إهداء الغنم فعند البخاري (١٧٠١) ومسلم (١٣٢١/ ٣٦٧) من حديث عائشة ﵂ .، وأما إهداء الإبل فرواه البخاري (١٦٩٦) ومسلم (١٣٢١/ ٣٦٢) من حديث عائشة ﵂ . (٢) «في» ليست في ك. (٣) إهداؤه في مقامه رواه البخاري (١٦٩٦) ومسلم (١٣٢١/ ٣٦٢)، وإهداؤه في عمرته عند البخاري (١٦٩٤)، وإهداؤه في حجه في حجة الوداع. (٤) عند مسلم (١٣٢١/ ٣٦٧) من حديث عائشة ﵂ . (٥) رواه البخاري (١٦٩٩) ومسلم (١٣٢١/ ٣٦٢) من حديث عائشة ﵂ . (٦) رواه مسلم (١٢٤٣) من حديث ابن عباس ﵄ . (٧) في «الأم» (٨/ ٣٤٢).