Zād al-Maʿād - Ibn al-Qayyim - (2/359)

Zād al-MaʿādIbn al-Qayyim

In Sahīh Muslim (1), Abū Rāfi‘ reports: “The Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—did not instruct me to camp at al-Abtah with those accompanying me. Rather, I pitched his tent there, and he then came and camped.” Thus Allah, through His guidance, caused him to camp there, confirming His Messenger’s words, “Tomorrow we shall camp at Khayf Banī Kinānah,” fulfilling what he had resolved to do, and acting in accord with His Messenger—may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

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Three questions arise here: Did the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—enter the Kaaba during his Hajj (2) or not? Did he stand at al-Multazam after the farewell or not? And did he perform the dawn prayer on the night of his farewell in Mecca or outside it?

As for the first question, many jurists and others have asserted that he entered the Kaaba during his Hajj. Many people consider entering the Kaaba one of the Sunnah practices of Hajj, in emulation of the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace. What his Sunnah indicates, however, is that he did not enter the Kaaba during either his Hajj or his ‘umrah (3); he entered it only in the year of the conquest. In the two Sahīh collections (4), Ibn Umar relates: “On the day of the conquest of Mecca, the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—entered the city riding a she-camel belonging to Usāmah, until he made it kneel in the courtyard of the Kaaba. He summoned ‘Uthmān ibn Talhah to bring the key. He brought it and opened the door, and the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—entered with Usāmah, Bilāl and ‘Uthmān ibn Talhah. They shut the door behind them for a long while (5), then opened it. ‘Abd Allāh said:

(1) No. (1313). (2) ك: “fī hajjati-hi al-bayt (during his Hajj, the House).” (3) ك، ص، ج، م: “‘umrah (minor pilgrimage).” ق: “ghayri-hi (other than it),” a textual corruption. (4) Reported by al-Bukhārī (504, 1598) and Muslim (1329/391). (5) That is, they shut the door behind them for a long time.

وفي «صحيح مسلم» (١) عن أبي رافع: «لم يأمرني رسول الله ﷺ أن أنزل بمن معي بالأبطح، ولكن أنا ضربتُ قبَّتَه، ثمَّ جاء فنزل». فأنزله الله فيه بتوفيقه تصديقًا لقول رسوله: «نحن نازلون غدًا بخَيْفِ بني كنانة»، وتنفيذًا لما عزم عليه، وموافقةً منه لرسوله صلوات الله وسلامه عليه. فصل هاهنا ثلاث مسائل: هل دخل رسول الله ﷺ البيتَ في حجَّته (٢) أم لا؟ وهل وقف في الملتزم بعد الوداع أم لا؟ وهل صلَّى الصُّبح ليلةَ الوداع بمكَّة أو خارجًا منها؟ فأمَّا المسألة الأولى، فزعم كثيرٌ من الفقهاء وغيرهم أنَّه دخل البيت في حجَّته، ويرى كثيرٌ من النَّاس أنَّ دخول البيت من سنن الحجِّ اقتداءً بالنبيِّ ﷺ. والَّذي تدلُّ عليه سنَّته أنَّه لم يدخل البيت في حجَّته ولا في عمرته (٣)، وإنَّما دخله عامَ الفتح. ففي «الصَّحيحين» (٤) عن ابن عمر قال: دخل رسول الله ﷺ يوم فتح مكَّة على ناقةٍ لأسامة، حتَّى أناخَ بفِناء الكعبة، فدعا عثمان بن طلحة بالمفتاح، فجاء به، ففتح، فدخل النبيُّ ﷺ وأسامة وبلال وعثمان بن طلحة، فأجافوا عليهم البابَ مَليًّا (٥)، ثمَّ فتحوه. قال عبد الله:

(١) برقم (١٣١٣). (٢) ك: «في حجته البيت». (٣) ك، ص، ج، م: «عمرة». ق: «غيره»، تحريف. (٤) رواه البخاري (٥٠٤، ١٥٩٨) ومسلم (١٣٢٩/ ٣٩١). (٥) أي ردُّوا عليهم الباب زمنًا طويلًا.