the lote leaf in any sense a perfume.

The seventh ruling: The shroud takes precedence over inheritance and the repayment of debts, because the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—ordered that the man be shrouded in his two garments without asking about his heirs or any debts he owed. Had the ruling differed according to these circumstances, he would have asked. Just as providing him with clothing during his lifetime takes precedence over repaying his debts, so too after his death. This is the position of the majority; there is an anomalous dissenting view that carries no weight.

The eighth ruling: It is permissible to use only two garments for the shroud: a waist-wrapper and an upper-body wrap. This is the position of the majority. Judge Abū Ya‘lā (1) held that fewer than three cloths are insufficient (2) when three can be provided, because, if two were permissible, using three would not be permissible for someone who leaves orphaned children. The correct view is contrary to his, and his argument is refuted (3) by the comparison between coarse and fine cloth.

The ninth ruling: A person in pilgrimage consecration is prohibited from using perfume, because the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—forbade bringing perfume near the man (4), even as he testified that he would be resurrected reciting the pilgrimage invocation. This is the foundational evidence for prohibiting perfume for a person in pilgrimage consecration.

In the two Sahīh collections (5), Ibn Umar reports:

“Do not wear any garment that has been touched by wars (a yellow plant dye) or saffron.”