Zād al-MaʿādIbn al-Qayyim

the sacrificial animals, I would have entered ihrām for ‘umrah.” Anas reported that, after praying Zuhr, he committed himself to Hajj and ‘umrah; and ‘Umar reported that revelation came to him from his Lord, commanding him to do so.

If it is asked, “How, then, do you explain al-Zuhrī’s statement that ‘Urwah related to him from ‘Ā’ishah a report like Sālim’s report from Ibn ‘Umar?”

The answer is that what ‘Ā’ishah reported was that he, peace and blessings be upon him, performed a single tawāf for his Hajj and ‘umrah. This accords with ‘Urwah’s report from her in the two Sahīhs:

“Those who entered ihrām for ‘umrah went around the House and between al-Safā and al-Marwah, then left ihrām. After returning from Minā, they performed another tawāf for their Hajj. Those who combined Hajj and ‘umrah, however, performed only one tawāf.”

This is exactly what Sālim related from his father. How could ‘Ā’ishah say, “The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, first entered ihrām for ‘umrah, then entered ihrām for Hajj,” when she also reported that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Had I not had the sacrificial animals with me, I would have entered ihrām for ‘umrah,” and stated, “The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, entered ihrām for Hajj”? It is therefore clear that, when the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, first entered ihrām, he did not do so for a separate ‘umrah. And Allah knows best.

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As for the view that he entered ihrām without specifying a particular rite, then specified it later when the divine ruling came to him while he was between al-Safā and al-Marwah: this is one of al-Shāfi‘ī’s views, which he expressly stated in his book Ikhtilāf al-Hadīth (Differences among Hadith Reports). He said (1):

“It is established that he set out awaiting the divine ruling. The ruling was revealed to him while he was between al-Safā and al-Marwah, and he instructed those of his Companions who had entered ihrām without bringing sacrificial animals to make it ‘umrah.”

(1) Ikhtilāf al-hadīth, included in al-Umm (10/319).
الهديَ لأهللتُ بعمرةٍ»، وأنس قال عنه: إنَّه حين صلَّى الظُّهر أوجبَ حجًّا وعمرةً، وعُمر أخبر عنه أنَّ الوحي جاءه من ربِّه يأمره بذلك. فإن قيل: فما تصنعون بقول الزُّهريِّ: إنَّ عروة أخبره عن عائشة بمثل حديث سالم عن ابن عمر؟ قيل: الذي أخبرت به عائشة من ذلك هو أنَّه ﷺ طاف طوافًا واحدًا عن حجِّه وعمرته، وهذا هو الموافق لرواية عروة عنها في «الصَّحيحين»: «وطاف الذين أهلُّوا بالعمرة بالبيت وبين الصَّفا والمروة، ثمَّ حلُّوا، ثمَّ طافوا طوافًا آخر بعد أن رجعوا من منًى لحجِّهم. وأمَّا الذين جمعوا الحجَّ والعمرة فإنَّما طافوا طوافًا واحدًا»، فهذا مثل الذي رواه سالم عن أبيه سواءٌ. وكيف تقول عائشة: «إنَّ رسول الله ﷺ بدأ فأهلَّ بالعمرة، ثمَّ أهلَّ بالحجِّ»، وقد قالت: إنَّ رسول الله ﷺ قال: «لولا أنَّ معي الهديَ لأهللتُ بعمرةٍ»، وقالت: «وأهلَّ رسول الله ﷺ بالحجِّ»؟ فعُلِم أنّ رسول الله ﷺ لم يُهِلَّ في ابتداء إحرامه بعمرةٍ مفردةٍ، والله أعلم. فصل وأمَّا الذين قالوا: إنَّه أحرم إحرامًا مطلقًا، لم يعيِّن فيه نسكًا، ثمَّ عيَّنه بعد ذلك لمَّا جاءه القضاء وهو بين الصَّفا والمروة، وهو أحد أقوال الشَّافعيِّ نصَّ عليه في كتاب «اختلاف الحديث»، قال (١): وثبت أنَّه خرج ينتظر القضاء، فنزل عليه القضاء وهو فيما بين الصَّفا والمروة، فأمر أصحابه أنَّ من كان منهم أهلَّ ولم يكن معه هديٌ أن يجعلها عمرةً.
(١) «اختلاف الحديث» ضمن كتاب «الأم» (١٠/ ٣١٩).

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