and in the Sunnah, fully corresponding to it. Corrupt taʾwīl, by contrast, is that which contradicts the indications of the revealed texts and what the Sunnah has brought. In this regard there is no difference between passages of information and passages of command. Every interpretation that accords with what the Messenger conveyed is accepted, and whatever conflicts with it is rejected.
He then divided false taʾwīl into ten categories, saying, “These, then, are some of the criteria by which sound interpretation is distinguished from false.”
Chapter Three: That taʾwīl is an informative statement about the speaker’s intent, not an act of origination.
The aim is to grasp what the speaker intended by his words. When someone says, “The meaning of this expression is such-and-such,” he is reporting what the speaker meant. If that report is inaccurate, it is a lie about the speaker. Thus a statement may be related to a meaning in one of two ways: (1) by informing about the speaker that he intended that meaning—this report is true if the wording conveys the meaning and false if it does not; or (2) by employing the wording oneself to generate that meaning, which is an act of origination that applies only to speech you yourself create, not to the speech of another.
Chapter Four: The difference between interpreting a statement of report and interpreting a statement of command.
The purpose of interpreting a report is to affirm the veracity of its narrator, whereas the purpose of interpreting a command is to comply with it. Any interpretation that results in nullifying the report or in violating the command is a false interpretation.
Chapter Five: The difference between interpretive distortion (taʾwīl al-taḥrīf) and interpretive explanation (taʾwīl al-tafsīr), and that the first can never occur in either reports or commands, whereas the second may occur in both.
tafsīr is the clarification and elucidation of meaning; taḥrīf is diverting the words from their proper path and correctness to something else. Taḥrīf is of two kinds: distortion of the wording and distortion of the meaning.