Glorified and exalted is He. When someone says, “If Allah were above the Throne, then He would of necessity be either larger than the Throne, smaller than it, or exactly the same size—and all of these are impossible,” and similar statements, such a person has understood Allah’s being upon the Throne only in the way any body rests upon another body. The consequence he alleges follows directly from that mistaken conception. An istiwāʾ (self-establishment) that befits Allah’s majesty and is unique to Him, however, entails none of those false implications that must be rejected. This is like the claim of the anthropomorphist who says, “If the universe has a Maker, He must therefore be a substance…"