and before these, ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Mubārak and those of similar standing—together with many other sources.

We also have at our disposal textual and rational proofs so abundant that this brief ruling cannot contain them. I am aware that the scholastic theologians advance certain specious objections, but it is not fitting to cite them within a fatwa. Anyone who looks into those objections and wishes to expose the fallacy of what they propose will find the task quite easy.

Now, since the root of this doctrine—the doctrine of taʿṭīl (stripping Allah of His attributes)—