clear insight, and he also declared that Allah had perfected for him and for his community their religion and completed His favour upon them. In view of this—and of many other indications—it is unthinkable that he should have left the matter of believing in Allah and knowing Him shrouded in ambiguity, failing to differentiate between what is due to Allah of His most beautiful names and loftiest attributes, what is merely permissible for Him, and what is altogether impossible for Him.

For knowing these matters is the root of the religion, the foundation of guidance, and the finest treasure that hearts can acquire, souls can attain, and minds can comprehend. How, then, could that Book, that Messenger, and the best of Allah’s creation after the prophets not have mastered this Book in both belief and utterance? Such a notion is absurd.

It is likewise impossible to imagine that the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—who taught his nation everything, even the etiquette of relieving oneself, would say: “I have left you upon…"