without reinterpretation, and that this isti​wāʾ (establishment) is the establishment of the Divine Essence upon the Throne. He added, “His being upon the Throne is mentioned in every scripture revealed to every prophet that was sent—without asking how.” He then quoted a long discourse that this place cannot contain, and he treated the rest of the attributes in the same manner.

Were I to record everything the scholars have said on this point, the book would become exceedingly long.

[The Statement of Imām Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr]

Abū ʿUmar Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr said, “We have transmitted from Mālik ibn Anas, Sufyān al-Thawrī, Sufyān ibn ʿUyaynah, al-Awzāʿī, and Maʿmar ibn Rāshid concerning…"