unless he is overtaken by an illness, or by a frailty that renders him simple-minded, insane, or delirious so that his reason becomes confused; or he falls into a swoon and the dictates of reason are lifted from him, his powers of discernment and understanding gone—such a one is outside the community of faith, severed from the Sacred Law.

Whoever claims to have oversight of creation such that he knows their stations and their worth with Allah without a revelation conveyed by the Messenger ﷺ is outside the fold of Islam; and whoever asserts that he knows what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said has incurred the wrath of Allah, and whoever