clarifying the truth. What he intended by that clarification is in full accord with his knowledge, and his knowledge of it is the most perfect knowledge. Therefore, anyone who imagines that someone other than the Messenger ﷺ knows these matters better than he does, explains them more perfectly than he does, or is more concerned for humanity’s guidance than he is, belongs to the heretics, not to the believers. The Companions, the Followers, and all who follow the path of the early generations remain upright on this point.
[Groups That Deviated from the Way of the Salaf]
Those who strayed from their path fall into three factions: the ahl al-takhyīl (people of imaginative depiction), the ahl al-taʾwīl (people of allegorical interpretation), and the ahl al-tajhīl (people who declare ignorance).
[The First Faction: Ahl al-Takhyīl]
The ahl al-takhyīl are the philosophers and those who have followed their lead among speculative theologians and certain Sufis.