Ashrat al-Saah - al-WabilYusuf al-Wabil

them and refuted their claims” (1).

With the killing of Uthmān (may Allah be pleased with him), the Muslims became divided, fighting broke out among the Companions, tribulations and factional passions spread, disagreements multiplied, opinions diverged, and fierce battles raged during the era of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) knew what tribulations would occur in their time. He once looked out from atop one of Medina’s fortified structures (2) and said, “Do you see what I see?” They replied, “No.” He said, “I see tribulations falling amid your homes as raindrops fall” (3).

Al-Nawawī said: “The comparison to falling rain indicates their abundance and all-encompassing nature: they would be numerous and affect people generally, rather than being confined to one group. This refers to the wars that took place among them, such as the Battle of the Camel, Siffīn, al-Harra, the killing of Uthmān and al-Husayn (may Allah be pleased with them both), and other events. This contains a manifest miracle of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)” (4).

C — The Battle of the Camel:

Among the tribulations that occurred after the killing of Uthmān (may Allah be pleased with him) was the famous Battle of the Camel between Alī (may Allah be pleased with him) and Āisha, Talha, and al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them). After Uthmān was killed, the people came to Alī while he was in Medina and said to him:

(1) See *Fath al-Bārī*, vol. 13, p. 51. (2) *Utm*, pronounced with an initial *u*: an elevated structure. Its plural is *ātām*, meaning elevated structures such as fortresses. See Ibn al-Athīr, *al-Nihāya*, vol. 1, p. 54. (3) *Sahīh Muslim*, Book of Tribulations and the Portents of the Hour, vol. 18, p. 7, with al-Nawawī’s commentary. (4) Al-Nawawī’s Commentary on Muslim, vol. 18, p. 8.
لهم، وردِّه عليهم" (١). وبمقتل عثمان ﵁ انقسم المسلمون، ووقع القتال بين الصّحابة، وانتشرت الفتن والأهواء، وكَثُر الاختلاف، وتشعَّبت الآراء، ودارت المعارك الطاحنة في عهد الصّحابة ﵃، وكان النّبيّ ﷺ يعلم ما سيقع من الفتن في زمنهم؛ فإنّه أشرف على أطم (٢) من آطام المدينة، فقال: "هل ترونَ ما أرى؟ قالوا: لا. قال: فإني لأرى الفتن تقع خلال بيوتكُم كوقع القطر" (٣). قال النووي: "والتشبيه بمواقع القطر في الكثرة والعموم؛ أي: أنّها كثير، تعمُّ النَّاس، لا تختصُّ بها طائفةٌ، وهذا إشارةٌ إلى الحروب الجارية بينهم؛ كوقعة الجمل، وصفِّين، والحرَّة، ومقتل عثمان والحسين ﵄ ... وغير ذلك، وفيه معجزة ظاهرة له ﷺ " (٤). ج - موقعة الجمل: ومن الفتن الّتي وقعت بعد قتل عثمان ﵁ ما وقع في معركة الجمل المشهورة بين علي ﵁ وعائشة وطلحة والزُّبير ﵃؛ فإنّه لما قُتِل عثمان؛ أتى النَّاس عليًّا وهو في المدينة، فقالوا له:
(١) انظر: "فتح الباري" (١٣/ ٥١). (٢) (أُطم)؛ بالضم: بناء مرتفع، وجمعه: آطام، وهي الأبنية المرتفعة؛ كالحصون. انظر: "النهاية" (١/ ٥٤) لابن الأثير. (٣) "صحيح مسلم"، كتاب الفتن وأشراط السّاعة، (١٨/ ٧ - مع شرح النووي). (٤) "شرح النووي لمسلم" (١٨/ ٨).

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