3 — The Conquest of Jerusalem:
Among the signs of the Hour is the conquest of Jerusalem. It is reported in the hadith of Awf ibn Mālik—may Allah be pleased with him—that the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—said: “Count six signs that will precede the Hour: … (among them he mentioned:) the conquest of Jerusalem” (1).
Jerusalem was conquered during the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattāb—may Allah be pleased with him—in 16 AH, as maintained by the leading historians. Umar—may Allah be pleased with him—went there in person, concluded a peace treaty with its inhabitants, conquered it, purified it of Jews and Christians, and built a mosque there at the qibla end of the Jerusalem sanctuary (2).
Imam Ahmad narrated through Ubayd ibn Ādam, who said: “I heard Umar ibn al-Khattāb say to Ka'b al-Ahbār (3), ‘Where do you think I should pray?’ He replied, ‘If you follow my advice, pray behind the Rock, so that all of Jerusalem will lie before you.’ Umar said, ‘You are imitating Jewish practice! No; rather, I shall pray where the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—prayed.’ He moved forward toward the qibla and prayed. Then he came over, spread out his cloak, and swept the refuse into it, and the people swept alongside him” (4).