the hadith of Ibn ʿUmar. The left eye, over which there is a thick fleshy growth, is the protruding eye—al-tāfiya, without a hamza—and is likewise defective. Thus, he may be described as one-eyed with respect to both his right and left eyes, for each is defective. Indeed, anything defective may be called aʿwar, especially when the defect concerns the eye. Both of the Dajjal’s eyes are therefore defective: one through loss of sight and the other through its deformity.

Al-Nawawī said of this reconciliation: “It is exceptionally sound” (1).

Abū ʿAbd Allah al-Qurtubī also regarded it as the stronger view (2).

• Is the Dajjal alive? Did he exist during the lifetime of the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him?

Before answering these two questions, it is necessary to determine the status of Ibn Sayyād: is he the Dajjal or someone else?

If the Dajjal is not Ibn Sayyād, did he already exist before emerging with his tribulation, or not?

Before answering these questions, we shall introduce Ibn Sayyād:

Ibn Sayyād:

His name was Sāfī—or, according to another view, ʿAbd Allah—ibn Sayyād or Sā’id (3).