arrow a fist-length, he pauses for just an instant, snatches the arrow swiftly, and releases. This method is extremely useful in warfare.

2. He first determines his balance (1); then, when a fist-length—or a little more—of the arrow remains, he checks it a second time, snatches the arrow, and looses it quickly. This method is well-suited for target practice and similar purposes.

Section (2): On Release and Its Modes

Release is of three kinds: the snatched, the rubbed, and the fully-drawn.

1. The snatched (mukhtalas): the archer draws the arrow, then pauses, after which he snatches it away with a sharp motion and slips his fingers free, opening the index finger and thumb together. This approach is characterized by speed; the pause is not at the moment of letting go, but when only a fist-length of the arrow remains. He then opens both arms fully and tilts the bow-string toward the ground.

2. The rubbed (mafrūk): the archer extends the arrow; when the head of the arrow rests on his finger, he pauses briefly—about two counts—then rubs his right hand (3) once along the edge of the string, shifting it slightly so that the space between (4) his thumb and index finger brushes against his cheek.