—the first is excessive tamattī (over-stretching in the draw);
— the second is that the bow is overly stiff while the archer is weak, so a clean release becomes impossible;
— the third is twisting the bow-string to twenty-three strands, which leaves the index finger extended on the string and makes it cling to it.

Its remedy is simply to avoid these causes and take precautions against them.⦗1⦘

Section: The mishap of the arrow recoiling at the moment of release
The treatment of this mishap⦗2⦘ is as follows: it originates in the shooter’s arm. If he does not keep the arm firm while drawing, slackness overtakes it as soon as he pulls. Should this occur, let him extend his left hand, straighten the arm, and press down with his right at the instant of loosing; the defect will disappear.⦗3⦘

Section: The mishap of kazāzah (hand stiffness) and how to remove it
Kazāzah may afflict either the right hand or the left for two reasons:⦗4⦘