Section: The mishap of the thumbnail splitting during the grip and its remedy

This mishap has several causes:

1. He hooks the string on the fleshy part of the thumb rather than at the joint, especially when the thumb is short.
2. He allows the tip of the index finger to ride over the thumb.
3. Stiffness at the moment of release: he opens his thumb before the index finger, so the string presses the latter until it darkens and scabs over. Its remedy is to open the index finger before—or at the same time as—the thumb.
4. A groove cut by the kushteban (thumb-ring) (1) in the string.
5. The wrapping of the kushteban (2) is excessively long.

The remedy for the overlap is to place two-thirds of the index finger on flesh and one-third on nail, while the cure for an over-long kushteban is simply to shorten it.

Section: The mishap of the index finger catching the string at release and its remedy (3)
This mishap arises from three causes: