Al-Furūsiyya - Ibn al-Qayyim - (الكتاب/355)

The judge said: “One must look into the matter carefully. If the butt (hadaf) is as hard as the target (gharaḍ), and the arrow lodges in the butt, the shot is credited to the archer; for had the target remained in place the arrow would have lodged in it just as it lodged in the butt. If, despite that equal hardness, the arrow does not lodge, nothing is scored. Likewise, if the butt is harder and the arrow still fails to lodge, or if it is softer, the arrow is counted neither for nor against him, because we have no way of knowing whether it would have lodged in the target had the latter remained where it was or not. All of this is al-Shāfiʿī’s position. (1)

Sub-issue
If the wind blows the target away and the arrow strikes the target itself, not (2) the spot from which it was blown, our jurists (3) say that the shot is counted against the archer, not for him—unless the two competitors had agreed that the target would be shot at in whatever place it might settle. (4)

In my opinion, if the wind carried the target off after the arrow had already left the belly of the bow, the shot is recorded against him, because we know with certainty that had the target stayed where it was he would have missed. If, however, the wind removed it before the shot was loosed, the hit is scored for him, for the target is what matters and he did in fact strike it. (5)

And if the wind removed it before the shot, and one of the two arrows lands in its original place,

(1) See al-Hawi al-Kabir, 15:221–222; al-Mughni, 13:428. (2) MS (Z) reads: “al-sahm fihi fi al-makan” (“the arrow remains there in its place”). (3) See al-Mughni, 13:428. (4) MS (Mat) reads: “fihi” (“therein”). (5) MS (Z) retains the passage from “wa in atarat-hu” (“even if it carries it off”) up to “asabahu” (“he hits it”).

وقال القاضي: "ينظر، فإن كانت صلابة الهدف كصلابة الغرض، فثبت في الهدف؛ احتسب له به؛ لأنه لو بقي مكانه لثبت فيه كثبوته في الهدف، وإن لم يثبت فيه مع التساوي، لم يحتسب، وإن كان الهدف أصْلب فلم يثبت فيه، أو إن كان رِخْوًا لم يُحْتَسَب السهم له ولا عليه؛ لأنَّا لا نَعْلَم: هل كان يثبت في الغرض لو بقي مكانه أم لا؟ وهذا كله مذهب الشافعي" (١). فرعٌ فإن أطارت الريح الغرض، فوقع السهم فيه، لا (٢) في المكان الذي طار منه؛ فقال أصحابنا (٣): يحتسب عليه السهم لا له؛ إلا أن يكونا اتَّفقا على رميه في الموضع الذي طار إليه (٤). وعندي: أنه إذا أطارته بعد خروج السهم من كَبدِ القَوْس حُسِبَت عليه؛ لأنا نتيقَّن أنه لو كان مكانه، لأخطأه. وإن أطارته قبل الرمي، حُسِبَ له، لأنَّ الغَرَض هو المقصود وقد أصابه (٥). وإن أطارته قبل الرمي، فوقع سهم أحدهما في موضعه الأصلي،

(١) انظر الحاوي الكبير (١٥/ ٢٢١ - ٢٢٢) والمغني (١٣/ ٤٢٨). (٢) في (ظ) (السهم فيه في المكان). (٣) انظر المغني (١٣/ ٤٢٨). (٤) في (مط) (فيه). (٥) من (ظ) قوله (وإن أطارته) إلى (أصابه).