Al-Furūsiyya - Ibn al-Qayyim - (الكتاب/354)

against him, it is likewise not credited to him; for a strong wind may just as readily deflect a well-aimed shot1 so that it misses as it may redirect an errant arrow and cause it to strike the mark. In that case the hit is attributable to the wind, not to the archer’s skill.

If an arrow strikes an obstacle that stands between the archer and the target, pierces it, and then hits the target, the shot is counted for him, because the impact came from the soundness of his aim and the arrow’s power to penetrate, which is an even stronger claim to be scored2 than other hits.

But if the breeze is gentle and would not normally deflect an arrow, this does not prevent the shot from being counted either for or against him; the air is never completely free of wind, and a light breeze affects only a feeble shot that is of no practical use.

Sub-issue
If the wind3 blows the target away and the arrow lands in the very spot where the target had been, then:
• If the two competitors had stipulated that a hit counts merely by landing on the spot (khawāṣil4), the shot is credited to the archer, for we know that had the target remained in place he would have hit it.
• If they had stipulated that only arrows that embed in the target (khawāsiq) are scored, the shot is not counted either for him or against him.
This is the view of Abū al-Khattāb, because in the latter case we cannot know whether the arrow would in fact have lodged in the target had it been there.

(1) MS (Z) reads “al-sahm al-shadid” (“the hard arrow”), whereas MS (H) has “al-ramy al-shadida” (“vigorous shooting”). (2) MS (H) and (Mat) contain the phrase “fa-hadha” (“then this”). (3) From MS (Z); MS (H) adds “wa idha tarat al-gharad” (“and when the target is carried off”); see al-Mughni, 13:428. (4) al-khawasil is the plural of khasil, an arrow that pierces the parchment target; one says khasalahu when he hits it. See al-Zahir by al-Azhari, p. 539, and al-Mutali, p. 270.

عليه فلم يُحتسب له؛ لأن الريح الشديدة كما يجوز أن تصرف الرمي السَّديد (١) فيخطئ = يجوز أن تصرف السهم المخطئ عن خطئه فيقع مصيبًا، وتكون إصابته بِالريح لا بحذق الرامي، فإن وقع السهم في حائل بينه وبين الغرض فمَزَّقه وأصاب الغرض، حُسِبَ له؛ لأن إصابته لِسَدَاد رميه، ومروقه لقوته، فهو (٢) أولى من غيره، وإن كانت الريح لَيِّنة لا تردُّ السَّهم عادة، لم يمنع الاحتساب عليه بالسهم وله؛ لأن الجو لا يخلو من ريح، ولأن الريح الرُّخاء لا تؤثر إلا في الرمي الرخو الذي لا يُنْتَفَعُ به. فرعٌ وإذا أطارت الريح (٣) الغَرَض، فوقع السَّهم موضعه؛ فإن كان شرطهما خواصِل (٤)، احْتُسِبَ له به؛ لِعِلْمِنَا أنه لو كان الغرض في موضعه أصابه، وإنْ كان شرطهما خَواسِق، لم يُحْتسب له به، ولا عليه. هذا قول أبي الخَطَّاب؛ لأنه لا يدري: هل يثبت في الغرض إذا كان موجودًا أولًا؟

(١) في (ظ) (السهم الشديد)، وفي (ح) (الرمي الشديدة). (٢) في (ح)، (مط) (فهذا). (٣) من (ظ)، وفي (ح) (وإذا طارت الغرض) انظر المغني (١٣/ ٤٢٨). (٤) الخواصل: جمع خاصل: الذي أصاب القرطاس (الهدف)، وقد خصله: إذا أصابه. انظر الزاهر للأزهري (ص/ ٥٣٩)، والمطلع (ص/ ٢٧٠).