or mawāriq: an arrow that passes clear through the target and drops behind it.
or khawārim: one that pierces the side of the target.
or ḥawābī: an arrow that first falls in front of the target and then springs up into it; from this usage comes the saying ḥabā al-ṣabī, “the child crawled.”
or khawāṣir: an arrow that strikes one of the target’s flanks—hence the human flank is called the khāṣirah because it lies on the side of the body⦗1⦘.

The archery contest becomes confined to these specifications, for the governing reference⦗2⦘ in any competition is the condition set by the two parties, and the match is therefore limited to what they have stipulated.

If they stipulate that both khawāsiq and ḥawābī count, the contract is valid; this is the position recorded by our jurists.

It is nevertheless arguable that making a rare form of hit, such as the ḥawābī, the sole criterion is invalid, because it occurs only by happenstance and very seldom. Requiring that only such a hit be scored would be extremely uncommon and would undermine the purpose of shooting. The same applies to every condition that makes a hit rare: the stipulation should not be upheld. This differs from the case in which they require hitting a particular spot on the target, such as its circle or the like: that is valid, for a hit there is not infrequent, it lies within the archer’s skill, and can be acquired through training. By contrast⦗3⦘, stipulating that the arrow land short of the target and then crawl of its own accord until it reaches the target is neither attainable through practice, nor does it occur often, nor is it something over which archers compete.

Al-Shāfiʿī has explicitly stated, in one of his two opinions, that when piercing is the condition and the arrow in fact pierces—