Al-FurūsiyyaIbn al-Qayyim

Section
When two parties engage in archery, the match is valid so long as the number of shots loosed by one side equals the number loosed by the other, even if the two sides differ in the number of archers. Thus, if five people compete against fifteen, with one hundred shots allotted to each side, the agreement is sound.

If a single man competes against a group, the contest is valid when the number of shots required of him is within his normal capacity; but if he is required (1) to shoot more than he can ordinarily manage, the contract is void and the event is deemed a match without stakes.

Section
For the validity of an archery match, it is not a condition (2) that each side know the other’s circumstances and level of skill. Therefore, if two men compete while each is unaware of his opponent’s precise ability, the contest remains valid.

Section
If each of the two parties—or even only one of them—says, “I have an archer whose description is such-and-such, and I challenge you on his account,” the companions of al-Shafiʿi ruled that the agreement is invalid, because archers cannot be established as a debt against one’s liability; they must be physically present (3).

(1) In Ms. Z the wording is: “fa-in qasid” (“for if he aims”). (2) In Ms. H: “al-nidal bi-ghayri maʿrifa” (“archery competition without proper knowledge”). (3) See al-Hawi al-Kabir by al-Mawardi, vol. 15, p. 243; and Takmilat al-Majmuʿ, vol. 15, p. 164. Note: Ms. Z reads “taʿyīnahum” (“their appointment”) instead of “hudurihim” (“their attendance”).
فصلٌ إذا تناضل حزبان، فما زاد على أن يكون رشق أحد الحزبين مساويًا لرشق الآخر، والحزبان متفاوتان في العدد = جاز. فإذا ناضل خمسةٌ عشرةً، وعلى كل حزب مئةُ رَشْقةٍ؛ جاز. فإن ناضل الرجل جمعًا، فإن شُرِط ما يطيقه؛ جاز، وإن شُرِط (١) ما لا يطيقه عادة، لم يصحَّ، وكانت مناضلة بغير مال. فصلٌ ولا يشترط في صحة النضال معرفة (٢) كل منهما بحال الآخر وحِذقه، فلو تناضل رجلان يجهل كلُّ واحد منهما قدر معرفة الآخر؛ صحَّ. فصلٌ إذا قال كلٌّ منهما أو أحدهما: عندي رجل رامٍ صفته كذا وكذا أناضلك عليه: فقال أصحاب الشافعي: لا يصحُّ، فإن الرماة لا يَثْبُتون في الذِّمة، فلا بُدَّ من حضورهم (٣).
(١) في (ظ) (فإن قاصد). (٢) في (ح) (النضال بغير معرفة). (٣) انظر الحاوي الكبير للماوردي (١٥/ ٢٤٣)، وتكملة المجموع (١٥/ ١٦٤). تنبيه: في (ظ) (تعيينهم) بدلًا من (حضورهم).

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