and in proportion to the multiplicity of its causes. (1)

Section
Once this is understood, the scholars unanimously agreed that accepting any payment for this class of games is unlawful, and that competing in them by way of wagers is likewise forbidden.

They also concurred that, in principle, it is permissible to receive prize money for horse-racing, camel-racing, and archery contests, even though they disagreed about the precise manner and conditions of that permissibility, as we shall explain.

They then differed over several subsidiary questions—whether each should be grouped with the former ruling or the latter—and we shall list them here:

Issue One: The permissibility of racing mules and donkeys for a stake.
Imam Ahmad, Mālik⦗2⦘, al-Shāfiʿī in one of his two opinions, and al-Zuhrī held that it is not permissible.⦗3⦘
Abū Ḥanīfah and al-Shāfiʿī in his other opinion held that it is permissible.⦗4⦘

Issue Two: They differed over wagering on pigeon races and elephant races,