The crux (1) of the matter, and its juristic rationale, is this: when Allah, exalted is He, forbade gambling (2), was it because of the element of risk it contains—an element that leads to devouring wealth unjustly? If that is the reason, then whenever the wager is absent the act would not be unlawful.
Accordingly, those who carried that principle (3) to its logical conclusion said: if backgammon and chess are played without a stake, they are not prohibited. But this view conflicts with both explicit texts and sound analogy, as we shall explain.
Or was gambling prohibited because of the inherent harm it contains even when no stake is involved? In that case its prohibition resembles that of wine, for it breeds enmity and hatred, diverts one from the remembrance of Allah and from prayer, and the taking of money for it merely assists and paves the way for greater attachment to it and for hearts to become absorbed in it.
When that is so, the motive is reinforced from two directions: from the urge to prevail over one’s opponent and from the desire to consume wealth; thus it is unlawful on both counts.