Al-FurūsiyyaIbn al-Qayyim

The crux (1) of the matter, and its juristic rationale, is this: when Allah, exalted is He, forbade gambling (2), was it because of the element of risk it contains—an element that leads to devouring wealth unjustly? If that is the reason, then whenever the wager is absent the act would not be unlawful.

Accordingly, those who carried that principle (3) to its logical conclusion said: if backgammon and chess are played without a stake, they are not prohibited. But this view conflicts with both explicit texts and sound analogy, as we shall explain.

Or was gambling prohibited because of the inherent harm it contains even when no stake is involved? In that case its prohibition resembles that of wine, for it breeds enmity and hatred, diverts one from the remembrance of Allah and from prayer, and the taking of money for it merely assists and paves the way for greater attachment to it and for hearts to become absorbed in it.

When that is so, the motive is reinforced from two directions: from the urge to prevail over one’s opponent and from the desire to consume wealth; thus it is unlawful on both counts.

Allah and His Messenger). It is also narrated by Ahmad, 4:407; al-Bayhaqi, al-Sunan al-kubra 10:215; and others. Humayd is of unknown standing, yet Ibn Hibban writes in al-Thiqat, 6:191, under Humayd ibn Bakr: “His reports may be taken into consideration so long as no weak narrator occurs in his chain.” I add: this may refer to Ibn Bishir, though it could equally be someone else. (1) MS T inserts: “wa-tahrir” (and a more exact expression). (2) MS Z reads: “why.” (3) MS T omits the word “this.” (4) MS Z reads: “was not.”
وسرُّ (١) المسألة وفقهها: أن الله سبحانه لمَّا (٢) حرَّم الميسر؛ هل هو لأجل ما فيه من المخاطرة المتضمِّنة لأكل المال بالباطل؟ فعلى هذا، إذا خلا عن العِوَض لم يكن حرامًا. فلهذا طَرد مَنْ طَرد ذلك هذا (٣) الأصل، وقال: إذا خَلا النَّرْد والشطرنج عن العِوَض، لم يكونا (٤) حرامًا. ولكن هذا القول خلاف النصِّ والقياسِ كما سنذكره. أو حرَّمه لما يشتمل عليه في نفسه من المفسدة، وإنْ خلا عن العِوَض، فتحريمه من جنس تحريم الخمر؛ فإنه يوقع العداوة والبغضاء، ويصدُّ عن ذكر الله، وعن الصلاة، وأكل المال فيه عونٌ وذريعةٌ إلى الإقبال عليه، واشتغال النفوس به؟ فإنَّ الداعي حينئذٍ يَقْوَى من وجهين: من جهة المغالبة، ومن جهة أكل المال، فيكون حرامًا من الوجهين.
= الله ورسوله). أخرجه أحمد (٤/ ٤٠٧) والبيهقي في الكبرى (١٠/ ٢١٥) وغيرهما. وحميد فيه جهالة، لكن قال ابن حبان في الثقات في ترجمة حميد بن بكر (٦/ ١٩١): (يعتبر بحديثه إذا لم يكن في إسناده إنسان ضعيف) ا. هـ. قلت: وهذا يحتمل أنه هو ابن بشير، ويحتمل غيره. (١) في (مط) (وتحرير). (٢) في (ظ) (لماذا). (٣) ليس في (مط) (هذا). (٤) في (ظ) (لم يكن)

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