and divert people from the remembrance of Allah and from prayer, such as nard (backgammon), shatranj (chess), and the like.
• A third category is neither beloved to Allah nor detested by Him; rather, it is permitted because no overriding harm is involved, such as footraces, swimming, stone-lifting, wrestling, and similar activities.
As for the first type, it is legislated even when no stake (1) is placed, and whatever best fosters its attainment is likewise legislated. Thus, offering a stake is lawful—whether it is put forward by one contestant alone, by the other alone (2), by both of them together, or by an outsider. Consuming wealth through it is a rightful consumption, not wrongful, and it has nothing to do with gambling or games of chance.
The second type is forbidden both in itself and when accompanied by a stake (3); taking money through it is gambling and games of chance in every form—whether the stake comes from one of the two parties, from both of them (4), or from a third party. This is agreed upon by the Muslims (5).
If it is conducted without any stake (6), it is still prohibited according to the majority—whether it be nard (7) or shatranj.