Al-Furūsiyya - Ibn al-Qayyim - (الكتاب/120)

Al-FurūsiyyaIbn al-Qayyim

against the unbelievers.

Allah the Exalted says, “Such was Our argument that We bestowed upon Abraham” (6:83).

Malik related: “Zayd ibn Aslam said, ‘By means of knowledge.’” (1)

Knowledge of the proof therefore elevates its possessor. Mastery of evidences and strength for jihad are among the things through which Allah raised the degrees of the prophets and their followers, as He, the Exalted, says: “Allah will raise in rank those of you who believe and those who have been granted knowledge” (58:11); and He, the Exalted, also says: “And remember Our servants Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob—men of might and vision” (38:45).

The “might” refers to the power by which they could manifest the truth, (2) carry out Allah’s command, exalt His word, and wage jihad against His enemies, whereas the “vision” refers to their insight into His religion. For this reason Allah—glorified be He—calls the proof a sultan, a decisive authority.

Ibn ʿAbbas said, “Every instance of the word sultan in the Quran denotes a proof.” (3)

(1) Reported by Ibn Abi Hatim in his Tafsir, 4/1335, no. 7550, with a sound chain of transmission. Its wording is: “It is knowledge; Allah raises by it whom He wills.” (2) In Mt the words “al-haqq wa” (“and the truth”) are not present. (3) Reported by al-Firyabi in his Tafsir, 1/390 (as cited in al-Suyuti’s al-Itqan), and by al-Tabari in his Tafsir, 19/146, through the isnad of Ammar al-Dahni—from Saʿid—from Ibn ʿAbbas. Al-Firyabi adds: “Every tasbih in the Quran is a prayer.” The report also appears via ʿIkrima from Ibn ʿAbbas, and is recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim, 9/2863, no. 16232, and by al-Tabari, 19/146. =

الكفار. قال الله تعالى: ﴿وَتِلْكَ حُجَّتُنَا آتَيْنَاهَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ﴾ [الأنعام: ٨٣]. قال مالك: "قال زيد بن أسلم: بالعلم" (١). فعِلْمُ الحجة يرفع درجة صاحبه؛ فإن العلم بالحجج، والقوة على الجهاد، مما رفع الله تعالى به درجات الأنبياء وأتباعهم؛ كما قال تعالى: ﴿يَرْفَعِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنْكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ دَرَجَاتٍ﴾ [المجادلة: ١١]، وقال الله تعالى: ﴿وَاذْكُرْ عِبَادَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ أُولِي الْأَيْدِي وَالْأَبْصَارِ (٤٥)﴾ [ص: ٤٥]. فالأيدي: القُوَى التي يقدِرون بها على إظهار الحق، و (٢) أمر الله، وإعلاء كلمته، وجهاد أعدائه. والأبصار: البصائر في دينه، ولهذا يسمِّي الله سبحانه الحُجَّة سلطانًا. قال ابن عباس: "كل سلطان في القرآن فهو الحجة" (٣)، كما قال

(١) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم في تفسيره (٤/ ١٣٣٥) رقم (٧٥٥٠) وسنده صحيح. ولفظه (إنه العلم، يرفع الله به من يشاء). (٢) ليس في (مط) (الحق و). (٣) أخرجه الفريابي في تفسيره (١/ ٣٩٠ - كما في الاتقان للسيوطي) والطبري في تفسيره (١٩/ ١٤٦). من طريق عمار الدهني عن سعيد عن ابن عباس فذكره، وزاد الفريابي: (كل تسبيح في القرآن صلاة). وجاء من طريق عكرمة عن ابن عباس فذكره. أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم (٩/ ٢٨٦٣) رقم (١٦٢٣٢) والطبري (١٩/ ١٤٦) =