and wild game; thus it is fit for obtaining benefits and for warding off harms. It is the foremost of instruments for securing those two objectives, and although a person who is not an archer may achieve the same by other means, (1) what is gained through archery is fuller and more complete.
Such is a portion of the evidence cited by the two camps.
Shaykh al-Islam said: It has been reported that a group were competing in archery, and someone said, “O Messenger of Allah, the prayer time has arrived.” He responded, “They are in prayer.” (2)
He therefore likened the shooting of arrows to the prayer itself, and that alone is sufficient proof of its merit.
Resolution of the dispute between the two parties:
Each discipline needs the other for its perfection; the goal of neither is fully realized without the other. Archery is more advantageous at long range. When the two forces mingle, archery ceases to be useful and the swords of mounted combat prevail—striking, thrusting, charging, and withdrawing. But when the opponents confront one another from afar, archery is the more useful and more decisive. True horsemanship is only complete when both skills are combined, and the superior of the two is whichever inflicts the greater damage upon the enemy (3) and yields the greatest benefit for the army. This varies according to the individual and the circumstances, and Allah knows best.