cite a source for either version (1).

Perhaps by the version traced back to the Prophet he meant the hadith narrated from Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), which reads:

“Whoever says three times, ‘Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds—abundant, pure and blessed praise in every circumstance, praise commensurate with His blessings and matching His further bounty,’ the recording angels say: ‘Our Lord, we cannot fully comprehend the glorification and praise this servant of Yours has offered You, nor do we know how to record it.’ Allah then reveals to them: ‘Record it as he said it.’”

Al-Mundhirī mentioned it in al-Targhīb wa-l-Tarhīb and attributed it to al-Bukhārī’s al-Du‘afā’. Al-Albānī left its grading blank in Da‘īf al-Targhīb wa-l-Tarhīb (2).

As for the version stopping at a Companion, I have not come across it—unless he meant the report stopping at Muhammad ibn al-Nadr al-Hārithī! Allah knows best.

Fourth: It might be thought that the meaning potentially conveyed by the report’s wording, “praise commensurate with His blessings and matching His further bounty,” finds support in the hadith of Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him), who reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

“Whoever says upon retiring to bed, ‘Praise be to Allah, who has provided for my needs and sheltered me; praise be to Allah, who has fed me and given me drink; and praise be to Allah, who has bestowed His favor upon me in abundance,’ has praised Allah with all the praise offered by all creation” (3).