is a graver innovation than theirs and an even more flagrant departure from the way of the salaf and the imams. On your view, we cannot be sure of the Prophet’s—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—intercession for the people of the Fire, because, by your reckoning, no one knows whether anyone will enter it at all. Your claim thus comes closer to subverting (1) the entire sacred law than does the claim of the Muʿtazilah.
The same holds true in matters of predestination. The Muʿtazilah denied that Allah is the creator of human acts or that He wills all that exists (2); for them, will (irādah) means love and approval (3), and He loves and approves only what He has commanded—therefore He wills only what He has commanded. You concurred with them on this corrupt root and then shared with them the misguidance built upon it, so that you and they in these questions became, as Imām Aḥmad said about the people of whims (4):
“They differ about the Book, oppose the Book, yet are unanimous (5) in abandoning the Book.”
You maintained (6) that will is synonymous with love and approval, just as the Muʿtazilah maintained; yet you also asserted that He wills everything His servants do, which would necessarily mean that He loves and approves everything they do—even disbelief, debauchery, and outright sin (7). You then interpreted His statement: